Clearly, whole numbers have a role in this world. Therefore, in Java, you can declare a variable to store nothing but whole numbers. This listing shows a program that uses whole number variables.

Key idea: Whole numbers don’t include negative numbers, fractions, or decimals.

Whole numbers are part of real numbers including all the positive integers and zero, but not the fractions, decimals, or negative numbers. Counting numbers are also considered as whole numbers.

Integers. Integers whole numbers that can be positive, negative or zero, but have no decimal places or fractional parts. They are like the counting numbers but can be negative. For more see Integer Definition.

The numbers expressed in the decimal form are called decimal numbers or decimals. For example: 5.1, 4.09, 13.83, etc. A decimal has two parts: (a) Whole number part.

The first 100 whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74.

We cannot write 0.2 as a whole number, but it can be rounded to a whole number. As tenth digit is less than 5, so upon rounding 0.2 to nearest whole number we will get 0. As 0 is also a whole number, therefore, upon rounding 0.2 to nearest whole number we will get 0.

What are Whole Numbers?

• There is no ‘largest’ whole number.
• Except 0, every whole number has an immediate predecessor or a number that comes before.
• A decimal number or a fraction lies between two whole numbers, but are not whole numbers.

Natural numbers are all the numbers from 1 onwards, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ………… and are used for counting. This is a natural way of counting objects. Hence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, …..….. are called natural numbers. Since, we start counting with number 1, so 1 is the first natural number.

5.5

How many real numbers are there? One answer is, “Infinitely many.” A more sophisticated answer is “Uncountably many,” since Georg Cantor proved that the real line — the continuum — cannot be put into one-one correspondence with the natural numbers.

The codomain of a function is the set of its possible outputs. In the function machine metaphor, the codomain is the set of objects that might possible come out of the machine.

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

You type R code into the bottom line of the RStudio console pane and then click Enter to run it. The code you type is called a command, because it will command your computer to do something for you. The line you type it into is called the command line.

An R script is simply a text file containing (almost) the same commands that you would enter on the command line of R. ( almost) refers to the fact that if you are using sink() to send the output to a file, you will have to enclose some commands in print() to get the same output as on the command line.