On one hand, there is no known way, given the particles and their interactions in the Universe, to make more matter than antimatter. This creation-and-annihilation process, which obeys E = mc^2, is the only known way to create and destroy matter or antimatter.

But as we will see, we cannot actually have zero-energy. Instead, the quantum field gently vibrates randomly. Sometimes this produces enough energy to form particles out of seemingly nothing! The particles arising out of the fluctuation of quantum fields are called virtual particles .

For instance, photons—packets of light—can pop in and out of a vacuum. Now quantum physicist Pasi Lähteenmäki at Aalto University in Finland and his colleagues reveal that by varying the speed at which light can travel, they can make light appear from nothing.

Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes, matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass.

The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another. In the process of energy transfer, some energy will dissipate as heat.

The Romans named the brightest planet, Venus, for their goddess of love and beauty. Two other planets, Uranus and Neptune, were discovered after the telescope was invented in the early 1600s.

Mars, known as the Red Planet, is a mostly dry and dusty place. A variety of colors can be seen on the surface, including the predominant rusty red the planet is known for. This rusty red color is iron oxide, just like the rust that forms here on Earth when iron oxidizes – often in the presence of water.

After the Earth, Mars is the most habitable planet in our solar system due to several reasons: Its soil contains water to extract. It isn’t too cold or too hot.

Earth

Although there is little possibility of existing life near the surface of Venus, the altitudes about 50 km (31 mi) above the surface have a mild temperature, and hence there are still some opinions in favor of such a possibility in the atmosphere of Venus.