The Moon plays a very small role in increasing seismicity and volcanic activity on Earth – potentially increasing activity ~1% during full/new moons. The most the moon can do is slightly alter the timing of an earthquake or eruption that was on the verge of happening anyway.”

Although there is general agreement that the cause of the heat as manifested in Io’s many volcanoes is tidal heating from the pull of gravity from Jupiter and its moon Europa, the volcanoes are not in the positions predicted with tidal heating. They are shifted 30 to 60 degrees to the East.

Although there are several factors triggering a volcanic eruption, three predominate: the buoyancy of the magma, the pressure from the exsolved gases in the magma and the injection of a new batch of magma into an already filled magma chamber.

Gravity can make large volcanoes warp under their own weight in two ways: they can either spread outward on top of their “basement” of underlying rock or sag downward into that basement. The way volcanoes deform strongly influences the stability of their structures, and when and how they erupt.

One of the first effects of low gravity on a volcano is when the magma is rising from deep in the planet. If gravity is lower, things like the buoyant rise of magma beneath a volcano, the settling of crystals in a partially melted lava, and convection will all happen slower.

Sixty percent of all active volcanoes occur at the boundaries between tectonic plates. Most volcanoes are found along a belt, called the “Ring of Fire” that encircles the Pacific Ocean. Some volcanoes, like those that form the Hawaiian Islands, occur in the interior of plates at areas called “hot spots.”

A volcano is formed when hot molten rock, ash and gases escape from an opening in the Earth’s surface. As a volcano erupts, it spills lava that flows downslope. Hot ash and gases are thrown into the air. Some volcanoes are covered with snow and ice.

Fast-moving lava can kill people and falling ash can make it hard for them to breathe. They can also die from famine, fires and earthquakes which can be related to volcanoes. People can lose their possessions as volcanoes can destroy houses, roads and fields.

After a volcano erupts, it can damage structures, change landscapes, kill plants or animals, hurt air quality, affect the water and cause climate change.

Less dense things rise above more dense things, so if you attempt to replicate the actions of the authorities in a particularly egregious 1997 Hollywood movie and build a wall of concrete around a massive lava flow, it won’t stop it – the blocks will float on top of it, heat up and begin to melt.

Lava is breaking off from the sides of the flow further upslope and sending out new flows,” he says. It moves so slowly that one might wonder if there’s anything humans can do to stop or divert the flow. In fact, lava diversion is possible.

Since lava is typically around 2200 F, Platinum and Titanium would both be fine since they both have melting temperatures above 3000 F. Also, some ceramics could probably withstand these temperatures.

Diamond can indeed be set on fire since it is made of carbon. Although diamond requires a higher temperature to burn, it does indeed burn via normal carbon combustion. You can even burn diamond in a regular flame if you are patient and conditions are right.

As an example, you can scratch steel with a diamond, but you can easily shatter a diamond with a hammer. The diamond is hard, the hammer is strong. Whether something is hard or strong depends on its internal structure. A diamond is made entirely of carbon atoms which are joined in a lattice-type structure.