If you’re referring to someone with an esteemed title like Professor or Dr., you would capitalize their title if it’s in front of their name. When you’re simply describing their job title rather than addressing them directly by the job title, you can use lowercase.

For both digital and print content, job titles should now be capitalised when used in relation to a specific member of staff. For example: ‘Lauren Ipsum, Director of Teaching. ‘ However, if a job title is used without being associated with a specific person, then the title should continue to be written in lowercase.

According to most style guides, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are the only words capitalized in titles of books, articles, and songs. Prepositions, articles, and conjunctions aren’t capitalized (unless they’re the first or last word).

Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.

MLA Style Capitalization Rules Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns) in the title/heading, including the second part of hyphenated major words (e.g., Self-Report not Self-report). Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions.

Common longer prepositions (capitalize these): above, below, beyond, between, among, along, beneath, under. NOTE: Although in is a preposition, if and it and is are NOT! These words need to be capitalized! If is a conjunction, it is a pronoun, and is is a verb.

MLA Style: Capitalization This text is taken directly from the MLA Handbook (Section 3.6. 1). The rules for capitalizing titles are strict. In a title or a subtitle, capitalize the first word, the last word, and all principal words, including those that follow hyphens in compound terms.

The correct MLA heading is found on the first page of your paper. It includes your name, instructor, course, and date. MLA format also has a running header with the page number and your last name. It is right-aligned and found on each page.

Formatting the First Page of Your Paper Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks. Write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. Double space between the title and the first line of the text.

Works Cited list

Works Cited is a list of citations at the end of a research paper. A Works Cited page starts on a new page and is numbered as a continuation of the paper.

In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. “Here’s a direct quote” (Smith 8). If the author’s name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title. Follow the same formatting that was used in the Works Cited list, such as quotation marks.

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citations often come at the end of a sentence and must have a matching reference at the end of the paper. What goes into your in-text citation depends on which citation style you’re using. A reference should provide complete information about a source and where it can be found.

If you just put one in-text cite at the end of the paragraph, it might not be clear where the ideas at the beginning of the paragraph came from. Therefore, you should include credit to the authors whenever you are quoting, summarizing or paraphrasing facts and ideas from their work.

Essay Labeling Key aspects to remember:. The reader (your marker) should remain a separate and impersonal individual Quotes are one of the best ways to begin your college entrance essay. Nonetheless, ending a paragraph with a quotation isn’t always a horrible thing or a mistake.

The APA Style rules encourage authors to place a citation after each instance of paraphrased or quoted information, versus the citation always appearing at the end of a sentence: “If the quotation appears in mid-sentence, end the passage with quotation marks, cite the source in parentheses immediately after the …

Including just one citation at the end of a paragraph is not sufficient unless the last sentence is the only information in the paragraph that came from the cited source. Cite sources often and correctly throughout a paragraph in order to avoid unintentional plagiarism.

No. The citation should appear only after the final sentence of the paraphrase. If, however, it will be unclear to your reader where your source’s idea begins, include the author of the source in your prose rather than in a parenthetical citation. Literacy consists of both reading and writing.

You will need to differentiate between sources with the same author and publication date by adding a lowercase letter to the publication year. Including this lowercase letter ensures that the reader knows which source you are citing in-text and can find that source in your reference list.

Although it may not be necessary to repeat the full in-text citation for the paraphrase in each sentence, it is still necessary to begin subsequent paragraphs with a full in-text citation (APA, 2020, p. 270).

Answer

1. If the authors are different, put them in order by author’s last name.
2. If they have the same author, use the publication dates to put them in order.
3. If multiple articles have the same author and date, use the letters a, b, c after the publication date (2019a).

Modern Language Association

Citing authors with same last names For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors’ first initials (or even the authors’ full name if different authors share initials) in your citation.

To cite two or more works by the same author(s), give the author name(s) in the first entry only. In the entries for subsequent works, in place of the author name(s), type three hyphens (—) followed by a period, and then the title and the rest of the citation as per the rules in this section.

Cite web postings as you would a standard web entry. Provide the author of the work, the title of the posting in quotation marks, the web site name in italics, the publisher, and the posting date. Follow with the date of access. Include screen names as author names when author name is not known.