Q. Does facial nerve have parasympathetic?
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve. It contains the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic (secretomotor) nerve fibers, which provide innervation to many areas of the head and neck region.
Q. What cause facial nerve problems?
There are numerous causes of facial nerve disorder:
- Trauma such as birth trauma, skull base fractures, facial injuries, middle ear injuries, or surgical trauma.
- Nervous system disease including stroke involving the brain stem.
- Infection of the ear or face, or herpes zoster of the facial nerve (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)
Q. What happens when the facial nerve is damaged?
Damage to the facial nerve can result in a distorted appearance to your face. You can have difficulty making a certain facial expression or problems closing your eyes. The facial muscles will often sag or droop so your face feels stiff.
Q. Which nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons reside in the inferior salivary nucleus in the medulla and travel over the glossopharyngeal nerve, or cranial nerve IX.
Q. What nerves control the face?
The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve and carries nerve fibers that control facial movement and expression. The facial nerve also carries nerves that are involved in taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and producing tears (lacrimal gland).
Q. What are the signs of facial nerve paralysis?
What are the symptoms of facial paralysis?
- facial paralysis on one side (rarely are both sides of the face affected)
- loss of blinking control on the affected side.
- decreased tearing.
- drooping of the mouth to the affected side.
- altered sense of taste.
- slurred speech.
- drooling.
- pain in or behind the ear.
Q. What are the signs of nerve damage in the face?
Four signs of facial nerve injury
- Pain. Often compared to an electrical shock, nerve (neuropathic) pain is a shooting, stabbing, or burning discomfort in areas linked to the distribution of the damaged nerve.
- Hypersensitivity or decreased sensation.
- Loss of taste.
- Loss of facial muscle movement.
Q. How do you test for facial nerve damage?
Doctors use an MRI to examine the entire facial nerve. This imaging test also allows a doctor to identify swelling or a growth on or near the nerve. Your doctor may recommend a type of MRI that uses a contrast agent, or dye, called gadolinium.
Q. What is parasympathetic nerve supply?
The parasympathetic nerves are autonomic or visceral branches of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Parasympathetic nerve supply arises through three primary areas: The parasympathetic ganglion where these preganglionic neurons synapse will be close to the organ of innervation.
Q. Do sympathetic nerves release epinephrine?
When a stressor begins, epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine is released from the sympathetic nerve terminals. Because the secretory cells are neurons, catecholamine release is very quick and effects can be seen in less than a second.
Q. Where does the parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve go?
The parasympathetic fibres of the chorda tympani stay with the lingual nerve, but the main body of the nerve leaves to innervate the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. The parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve are carried by the greater petrosal and chorda tympani branches.
Q. How is the motor function of the facial nerve affected?
Only the motor function of the facial nerve is affected, therefore resulting in paralysis or severe weakness of the muscles of facial expression. There are various causes of extracranial lesions of the facial nerve: Parotid gland pathology – e.g a tumour, parotitis, surgery. Infection of the nerve – particularly by the herpes virus.
Q. What kind of nerves are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Specifically, the parasympathetic nervous system cranially is concerned with three of the cranial nerves, which will be dealt with in turn in greater detail throughout this book. The cranial nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system are the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.
Q. How are extracranial lesions affect the facial nerve?
Extracranial lesions occur during the extracranial course of the facial nerve (distal to the stylomastoid foramen). Only the motor function of the facial nerve is affected, therefore resulting in paralysis or severe weakness of the muscles of facial expression. There are various causes of extracranial lesions of the facial nerve:
