Lawyer is a Germanic word in its Old English origin. It does not appear in Latin as a loanword. Instead, the Latin word for a lawyer is advocatus. The Latin word for a liar is a mendax or vanidicus.

All Pakistan Legal Decisions (PLD) Supreme Court Monthly Review (SCMR) Civil Law Cases (CLC) Pakistan Criminal Law Journal (PCrLJ) Monthly Law Digest (MLD)

PLD

There are three kinds of PLDs based on the type of arrays, which has programmable feature.

• Programmable Read Only Memory.
• Programmable Array Logic.
• Programmable Logic Array.

A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits. Unlike integrated circuits (IC) which consist of logic gates and have a fixed function, a PLD has an undefined function at the time of manufacture.

People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is the unified military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC).

PLA is the most widely used plastic filament material in 3D printing. The name “polylactic acid” does not comply with IUPAC standard nomenclature, and is potentially ambiguous or confusing, because PLA is not a polyacid (polyelectrolyte), but rather a polyester.

Natural PLA is made from corn starch and is generally considered food safe. However, it’s a bit more complicated than that. Some manufacturers will blend in other additives — for color, strength, or other features — that make the filament unsafe to ingest.

The results showed that the level of harmful particles and fumes depended mostly on the filament material, not the make of printer. ABS emitted styrene – a chemical that is both toxic and carcinogenic. The PLA filament emitted a benign chemical named lactide.

In fact, Polylactic Acid (PLA) is biodegradable. It is often used in food handling and medical implants that biodegrade within the body over time. Like most plastics, it has the potential to be toxic if inhaled and/or absorbed into the skin or eyes as a vapor or liquid (i.e. during manufacturing processes).

While everyone knows the unpleasant odor from ABS cannot possibly be healthy to breathe in, most of us generally do not really care. However, not only ABS, but also PLA, may release toxic fumes known as VOCs (Volatile Organic Carbon). Not all VOCs are actually toxic, but some may be, especially for younger users.

In particular, heating ABS at a temperature typical for 3D printing results in high VOC emission. A study found that the particle concentration of ABS material was 33–38 times higher than PLA material. Health effects from VOC emissions include eye, nose, and throat irritation, nausea, and organ damage.

New studies have confirmed that particles emitted from 3D printers can negatively impact indoor air quality and have the potential to harm respiratory health. Invented 30 years ago, the unintended adverse impacts of 3D printing on human health are not that well documented.

PETG is stronger, more durable and it prints better. It’s also available in transparent colors. ABS is only necessary if you absolutely need the 100°C temperature resistance or its ability to be glued and painted.

The fumes are not toxic, but it’s always best to ventilate your printing room properly. There are some carbon emissions from the fumes when printing with PETG, but experts have concluded that they pose no significant health risks.

PETG doesn’t absorb too much water; Especially if you keep them in a low humidity place, there won’t be severe changes.

PETG stands for “Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified” and the normal reputation is that it is as easy to print as PLA but has the physical properties of ABS, which sounds perfect! PLA vs PETG Summary: PETG is more expensive than PLA. This is due to PLA being more forgiving when it comes to settings.