An atom of sodium (Na) donates one of its electrons to an atom of chlorine (Cl) in a chemical reaction, and the resulting positive ion (Na+) and negative ion (Cl−) form a stable ionic compound (sodium chloride; common table salt) based on this ionic bond. …

Metallic bonding

Because of the propensity of sodium to lose an electron and of chlorine to gain an electron, the elements are well suited to bond with one another. This transfer of electrons results in the formation of the ionic bond holding Na+ and Cl– together.

Ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons between each other, forming ions that are electrically attracted to each other forming a bond between them. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a typical ionic compound. The picture below shows both a sodium and a chlorine ion.

Ionic bond is much stronger than covalent bond because it involves complete transfer of electrons because of which there is formation of cation and anion and there exist huge electrostatic forces of attraction. They also have high melting and boiling point which proves that the ionic bond is very strong.

The higher positive charge,small cation size and larger an ion the covalent bond result. In ionic bonds, charge and distance are the two factors that affect the strength of the bond.

Energy is required to break bonds. Atoms are much happier when they are “married” and release energy because it is easier and more stable to be in a relationship (e.g., to generate octet electronic configurations). The enthalpy change is negative because the system is releasing energy when forming bond.

unlike ionic or covalent bonds, in which electrons are given up or shared, the hydrogen bond is a weaker attraction. Hydrogen bond are generally intermolecular, while ionic and covalent bonds occur between ions or respectively. hydrogen bonding exists between water molecules, but not between hydrogen sulfide molecules.

Ethyne, C2H2, has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. In the diagram each line represents one pair of shared electrons.

The C2H2 molecule contains a triple bond between the two carbon atoms, one of which is a sigma bond, and two of which are pi bonds.

It has 3 σ-bond and 2 π bond.