Q. How are macromolecules transported?
Vesicles or other bodies in the cytoplasm move macromolecules or large particles across the plasma membrane. There are two types of vesicle transport, endocytosis and exocytosis (illustrated in Figure below). Both processes are active transport processes, requiring energy.
Q. What are the cell transport mechanisms?
Given the importance of membrane transport, cells utilize a wide range of transport mechanisms. The mechanisms fall into one of three categories: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
Table of Contents
- Q. How are macromolecules transported?
- Q. What are the cell transport mechanisms?
- Q. Which process is used to export a macromolecule from the cell?
- Q. Which two specific cell types are the most important phagocytes?
- Q. What is the difference between macrophage and phagocyte?
- Q. What are the two types of innate immunity?
- Q. How do macrophages destroy bacteria?
- Q. How many bacteria can a macrophage kill?
- Q. What is the lifespan of a macrophage?
- Q. What are the classic signs of systemic inflammation?
Q. Which process is used to export a macromolecule from the cell?
Exocytosis
| Table 1. Methods of Transport, Energy Requirements, and Types of Material Transported | ||
|---|---|---|
| Transport Method | Active/Passive | Material Transported |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis | Active | Large quantities of macromolecules |
| Exocytosis | Active | Waste materials, proteins for the extracellular matrix, neurotransmitters |
Q. Which two specific cell types are the most important phagocytes?
Phagocytic cells of the immune system consist predominantly of macrophages and neutrophils. These cells represent the major cellular effectors of nonspecific host defense and inflammation.
Q. What is the difference between macrophage and phagocyte?
is that macrophage is (immunology|cytology) a white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink it presents foreign antigens on mhc ii to lymphocytes part of the innate immune system while phagocyte is (cytology) a cell of the immune system, such …
Q. What are the two types of innate immunity?
The immune system is complex and is divided in two categories: i) the innate or nonspecific immunity, which consists of the activation and participation of preexistent mechanisms including the natural barriers (skin and mucosa) and secretions; and ii) the adaptive or specific immunity, which is targeted against a …
Q. How do macrophages destroy bacteria?
The first line of immune defense against invading pathogens like bacteria are macrophages, immune cells that engulf every foreign object that crosses their way. After enclosing it in intracellular membrane vesicles, a process called phagocytosis, macrophages kill their prey with acid.
Q. How many bacteria can a macrophage kill?
Typhoidal Salmonellae induce their own phagocytosis by host macrophages in vivo, and inhibit digestion by lysosomal action, thereby using macrophages for their own replication and causing macrophage apoptosis. Macrophages can digest more than 100 bacteria before they finally die due to their own digestive compounds.
Q. What is the lifespan of a macrophage?
Unlike monocytes, macrophages have a long life span, ranging from months to years [19].
Q. What are the classic signs of systemic inflammation?
Some of the common signs and symptoms that develop during chronic inflammation are listed below.
- Body pain, arthralgia, myalgia.
- Chronic fatigue and insomnia.
- Depression, anxiety and mood disorders.
- Gastrointestinal complications like constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux.
- Weight gain or weight loss.
- Frequent infections.
