Monocot stems have most of their vascular bundles near the outside edge of the stem. The bundles are surrounded by large parenchyma in the cortex region. Monocot roots, interestingly, have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Dicot roots have their xylem in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem.

In the dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, with pith concentrated at the core of the stem, rather than being scattered throughout the plant interior. In each vascular bundle, the xylem and phloem are separated by a substance called vascular cambium.

Monocot stems have vascular bundles in a scattered arrangement. Phloem tissue is found just below the fibers and xylem tissue is found closest to the pith of the stem. Monocot vascular bundles are arranged like a face.

Vascular tissue is organized into discrete strands called vascular bundles, each containing xylem and phloem. The xylem conducts water and minerals within the primary plant body, and the phloem conducts food. The xylem cells are arranged end to end to form a longitudinal continuum throughout the plant.

vascular bundles consisting of both phloem and xylem ensure connection between tumors and the rest of the host plant, thus enhancing water and solute transport.

A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in the stem, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem. Both these tissues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues.

fibrovascular bundle

stem

: a strand of specialized vascular tissue of higher plants consisting mostly of xylem and phloem.

Complete answer: A closed vascular bundle means that there is an absence of a cambium. In closed vascular bundles, Cambium is absent. It is capable of forming secondary xylem and phloem tissues. It is not capable of forming the secondary xylem and phloem tissues.

Bicollateral or collateral and closed type of vascular bundle found in leaves and monocot stem.

It is endarch, where xylem (primary xylem) develops from the inside outwards towards the periphery.

The xylem is present in the inner surface and phloem in the outer surface and cambium is not present in monocot plants. Hence, the vascular bundles in monocot stem are endarch, closed, and collateral. Thus, the correct answer is ‘D’.

There are mainly three types of vascular bundles: (i) Radial: Those in which the xylem and the phloem lie radically side-by-side (for example, in roots of seed plants). This is the most primitive type. (ii) Conjoint: Those in which the two types of tissues are separated from one another.

Open vascular bundles are the vascular bundles which comprises of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem. Example; dicots. Closed vascular bundles does not possess cambium in them. Example; monocots.

In the given figures A, B and C the types of vascular bundles are respectively radial, conjoint closed and conjoint open. When xylem and phloem are arranged in the radius of the plant in alternative manner then it is called radial vascular bundle.

Vascular tissues perform essential roles in integrating the physiological (transport of water and nutrients), developmental (transport of signaling molecules) and structural (physical support) processes of higher plants.