Some infections are spread directly when skin or mucous membrane (the thin lining of parts of the body such as nose, mouth, genitals) comes into contact with the skin or mucous membrane of an infected person. Infections may be spread indirectly when the skin comes in contact with a contaminated object.

Standard Precautions

• Hand hygiene.
• Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, eyewear).
• Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette.
• Sharps safety (engineering and work practice controls).
• Safe injection practices (i.e., aseptic technique for parenteral medications).
• Sterile instruments and devices.

Infectious diseases can spread in a variety of ways: through the air, from direct or indirect contact with another person, soiled objects, skin or mucous membrane, saliva, urine, blood and body secretions, through sexual contact, and through contaminated food and water.

• Bile. Bile is a brown to dark green fluid that is produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder (a synonym for bile is gall), and released into the intestines when we eat.
• Blood. Give a little.
• Menstrual fluid.
• Mucus.
• Pus.
• Semen.
• Saliva.
• Sweat.

Botulism • Campylobacter infection • Cholera • Cryptosporidium infection • Haemolytic uraemic syndrome • Listeria infection • Salmonella infection • Shigella infection • Typhoid/Paratyphoid • Yersinia infection. Some infections are spread when urine is transferred from soiled hands or objects to the mouth.

Many claim that in a survivalist situation, drinking your pee when you’re out of water can save you from succumbing to dehydration. The fact is this is simply… false. Not only will your urine not rehydrate you, it will have the opposite effect and dehydrate you at a faster rate.

The germ can survive in moist conditions outside the host for many days or even weeks. However, they are readily killed by drying, exposure to detergents, disinfectants, heating to 50 C for five minutes and they only survive for a few hours in salt water. How is Leptospirosis spread?

The urine is astringent, sweet, white and sharp. The last is known today as the urine of diabetes mellitus. English physician Thomas Willis noted the same relationship in 1674, reporting that diabetic piss tastes “wonderfully sweet as if it were imbued with honey or sugar.”

The takeaway. Drinking your own urine isn’t advisable. It can introduce bacteria, toxins, and medications into your system. There’s no reason to think that drinking urine would benefit your health in any way.

Diabetes insipidus is so named because the large volume of urine that is excreted is tasteless, or “insipid,” rather than sweet, as is the case in diabetes mellitus, in which the urine may contain large quantities of glucose.