Key measures to prevent diarrhoea include:

• access to safe drinking-water;
• use of improved sanitation;
• hand washing with soap;
• exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life;
• good personal and food hygiene;
• health education about how infections spread; and.
• rotavirus vaccination.

Several things you can do to care for diarrhea include: Drinking plenty of water and other electrolyte balanced fluids (like diluted and pulp-free fruit juices, broths, sports drinks (Gatorade®) and caffeine-free sodas). Make sure to hydrate throughout day. Your body loses water each time you have diarrhea.

3. INTRODUCTION  Diarrhoea is defined as passage of unusually loose or watery stools usually at least three times in a 24 hour period. (WHO)  However it is the consistency of the stools rather than the number that is more important.  Passage of even one large watery stool in young child is diarrhoea.

4 key interventions to manage a case of childhood diarrhoea are as follows.

1. Rehydrate the child with ORS solution. Stop rehydration once diarrhoea stops.
2. Administer Zinc dispersible tablets for 14 days, even after diarrhoea stops.
3. Continued age appropriate feeding.
4. Rational use of antibiotics.

Bland foods that may help with diarrhea include:

• hot cereals, such as oatmeal, cream of wheat, or rice porridge.
• bananas.
• applesauce.
• plain white rice.
• bread or toast.
• boiled potatoes.
• unseasoned crackers.

Lifestyle and home remedies

1. Drink plenty of liquids, including water, broths and juices.
2. Add semisolid and low-fiber foods gradually as your bowel movements return to normal.
3. Avoid certain foods such as dairy products, fatty foods, high-fiber foods or highly seasoned foods for a few days.

Common risk factors for diarrhoeal disease include:

• Poor hygiene practices (e.g. not washing hands)
• Poor sanitation (e.g. not having access to a clean toilet)
• Poor access to clean, safe water.
• Food insecurity (i.e. not having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food)
• Poor nutritional status.

Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as gastroenteritis.

The most common cause of acute diarrhoea is an infection of the intestines, such as gastroenteritis or food poisoning. Viruses are responsible for most cases. The intestinal lining becomes irritated and inflamed, which hinders the absorption of water from food waste.

Diarrhea ppt. – The exceedingly common IBS characterized by disturbed intestinal and colonic motor and sensory responses to various stimuli. Symptoms of • stool frequency cease at night, • alternate with periods of constipation • accompanied by abdominal pain relieved with defecation, • rarely result in weight loss.

The guidelines are based on the chart Management of the patient with diarrhoea (segments of which are reproduced in Annex l), and form the technical basis of the module entitled Management of the patient with diarrhoea (1992) in the Supervisory skills training course of the WHO Programme for Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases.’

Chronic diarrhea is defined as an increase in the frequency (more than 2 bowel movements per day) and fluidity of stools for more than 4 weeks duration. It can be divided as watery, fatty or inflammatory according to the stool characteristics. Mechanisms of Diarrhea

1. Diarrheal Diseases Presented by Dr. Kapil Dhingra 2. Diarrhea• Diarrhea is defined as passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency.• For adults on a typical Western diet, stool weight >200 g/d can generally be considered diarrheal.•