Use standard, formal English. Avoid slang, idioms and colloquialisms. Also avoid obscure language or ambiguous acronyms unless they are standard, recognized terms with regards to the subject matter of the assessment. Be wary of using a condescending tone.

Mono-method bias refers to your measures or observations, not to your programs or causes. With only a single version of a self esteem measure, you can’t provide much evidence that you’re really measuring self esteem.

Construct bias occurs when the construct measured is not identical across cultures or when behaviours that characterise the construct are not identical across cultures. This type of bias can stem from several sources; for example the definition of a construct may show an incomplete overlap across cultures.

A test is not considered biased simply because some students score higher than others. A test is considered biased when the scores of one group are significantly different and have higher predictive validity, which is the extent to which a score on an assessment predicts future performance, than another group.

While originally intended as a fair way to equally evaluate the high volume of students applying to universities across the country, standardized tests are no longer the best way to measure a student’s success and potential. In fact, many students are being denied opportunity because of the unfairness of these tests.

Cultural bias occurs in testing materials when test items assess knowledge or experiences that are specific to a certain culture. Test questions may also be culturally biased because they may refer to experiences or items that are unfamiliar or taboo to the culture of the child being tested.

According to some researchers, the “cultural specificity” of intelligence makes IQ tests biased towards the environments in which they were developed – namely white, Western society. This makes them potentially problematic in culturally diverse settings.

Multicultural factors may affect how a person is medically treated or whether they receive medical treatment at all. Studies have also demonstrated minorities may be less likely to seek both medical and mental health treatment, which may be because of fear, stigma, discrimination, or other factors.

Assessment bias is present whenever one or more items on a test offend or unfairly penalize students because of those students’ personal characteristics such as race, gen- der, socioeconomic status, or religion.

Effective classroom assessment requires that teachers have a clear and complete understanding of the learning goals, have tasks that will allow them to see if these goals are being met, and finally, have the ability to interpret the evidence collected from these observations.

Although the educator can handle gender, religious cultural and other background activities in a sensitive manner but assessment can’t be totally void of bias due to the fact that it is also influenced by the teacher’s own back ground, experience, values and attitude(Dreyer,2014:55)assessment should meet the principles …

6 Tips for Creating Powerful Assessments for Your Students

1. 1) Begin with the end in mind. For years, teachers have planned their lessons in a linear fashion.
2. 2) Communicate your purpose.
3. 3) Blend assessments into your teaching.
4. 4) Identify and avoid bias.
5. 5) Consider non-traditional assessments.
6. 6) Follow up.

AMSTAR is a popular instrument for critically appraising systematic reviews of randomised controlled clinical trials. AMSTAR underwent further development to enable appraisal of systematic reviews of randomised and non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions.