Greek city-states likely developed because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region. The landscape features rocky, mountainous land and many islands. These physical barriers caused population centers to be relatively isolated from each other. The sea was often the easiest way to move from place to place.

How did geography contribute to Greece’s development as a group of individual city-states? The nearby ocean allowed citizens to travel to other islands to develop their own city-states. The Pindus Mountains split the land into two main areas, which caused the development of two city- states.

How did the geography of Greece affect the development of city-states? the mountains, seas, islands, and climate isolated separated and divided Greece into small groups that became city-states. The sea allowed the Greeks to trade for food by traveling over water.

The city-states, or polis, really began as small agricultural communities. Over time, the population of these communities increased and the city-states evolved. They developed their own dialects of the Greek language. Some, like Sparta, developed into a large, complex community.

The Empire of “The City” – Three City States – London, the Vatican, and the District of Columbia.

Advantages and Disadvantages of city-states as a form if government? Advantages: small, easy to control, centralized. Disadvantages: controlled little territory, many rivals/more conflict.

Each city-state, or polis, had its own government. Some city states were monarchies ruled by kings or tyrants. Others were oligarchies ruled by a few powerful men on councils. The city of Athens invented the government of democracy and was ruled by the people for many years.

Cleisthenes

Sparta was very violent and all they thought about was having the strongest military. The weaknesses of Sparta outweigh the strengths because the Spartans lacked education, boys were taken away from their families at a young age, and they were very abusive. To begin with, Spartans lacked advanced education.

Sparta was weak because they had harsh military training for their young, they abused their children, and they lacked in education. Firstly, Sparta had harsh military training for their children.

Only citizens vote, own property, hold public office,and speak for themselves in court. What rights and duties did Greek citizens have? They had more freedom as women in Spartan. Free to mix with men, play sports, and encourage their man in battle.

In Athenian democracy, all citizens pulled their weight. Not everyone in Athens was considered a citizen. Only free, adult men enjoyed the rights and responsibility of citizenship. Slaves and foreigners were not citizens and also could not participate in the democracy.

Greek democracy created at Athens was direct, rather than representative: any adult male citizen over the age of 20 could take part, and it was a duty to do so. The officials of the democracy were in part elected by the Assembly and in large part chosen by lottery in a process called sortition.

How were the youth of Athens educated? Girls were educated in the home and the only “well-educated” women were trained as “hetarae” which were like Greek geishas. Boys were much more educated than girls. They had physical education where they learned sports and gymnastics.

The agora served as a market place and a meeting place. Mostcity-states were small, but Athens had as many as 300,000 people. The polis was run by its citizens. Citizenship meant:you were a member of a politicalcommunity you were a native born manyou owned land.

Some of the first people to develop an idea of citizenship were the ancient Greeks, who lived in independent city-states. Each city, or polis, was essentially its own miniature nation, and they each got to formally decide who belonged and who didn’t. Citizens generally had to be free males born in that polis.

Most people in Athens did not have full citizenship rights. Many resident aliens, called metics, lived in Athens, but they could not own land or vote, and they were required to pay special taxes. Other Greek city-states limited citizenship rights even more than Athens did.

For the Greeks (or more particularly the Athenians) any system which excluded power from the whole citizen-body and was not a tyranny or monarchy was described as an oligarchy. Oligarchies were perhaps the most common form of city-state government and they often occurred when democracy went wrong.

The city-states had many things in common. They shared the same language, worshipped the same gods, and practiced similar customs. Sometimes these city-states traded with each other. They even banded together to defend Greece when threatened by a foreign invader.

Wealthy

The significant difference between Athens and Rome was that Athens was a democracy and Rome was an oligarchy with some democratic components. Athens was a democratic city-state while Rome followed the Oligarchy form of government. Athens was supervised by a democratically elected assembly.

The citizens of Athens were given the right to vote. Not everyone in Athens was considered a citizen, however. Only free, adult men enjoyed the rights and responsibility of citizenship.

The correct answer is D (theocracy and communism) because the definition of an oligarchy is when a group of people rules over a majority.