The first known single-celled organisms appeared on Earth about 3.5 billion years ago, roughly a billion years after Earth formed. The answer to this question is usually cooperation, as cells benefitted more from working together than they would from living alone.

The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Hooke. While looking at cork, Hooke observed box-shaped structures, which he called “cells” as they reminded him of the cells, or rooms, in monasteries.

The first cell is thought to have arisen by the enclosure of self-replicating RNA and associated molecules in a membrane composed of phospholipids. Each phospholipid molecule has two long hydrophobic (more…)

The discovery of the cell would not have been possible if not for advancements to the microscope. Scientist Robert Hooke improved the design of the existing compound microscope in 1665.

The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665. He remarked that it looked strangely similar to cellula or small rooms which monks inhabited, thus deriving the name. The cell walls observed by Hooke gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles found in most living cells.

“Proteins form unfathomably complex networks of chemical reactions that allow cells to communicate and to ‘think’ — essentially giving the cell a ‘cognitive’ ability, or a ‘brain’,” she said. “It has been a longstanding mystery in science how this cellular ‘brain’ works.

10 Foods That Improve Brain Health

• Blueberries. Blueberries contain a compound that has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
• Eggs. Eggs are rich in B vitamins and a nutrient called choline.
• Fatty Fish.
• Fruits.
• Leafy Greens.
• Nuts.
• Pumpkin Seeds.
• Tea and Coffee.

The 7 Worst Foods for Your Brain

1. Sugary Drinks. Share on Pinterest.
2. Refined Carbs. Refined carbohydrates include sugars and highly processed grains, such as white flour.
3. Foods High in Trans Fats.
4. Highly Processed Foods.
5. Aspartame.
6. Alcohol.
7. Fish High in Mercury.

• 10 Super Fruits for a Healthy Brain That Everyone Must Know. Save.
• Blueberries. A powerful little fruit, the blueberry is loaded with important vitamins and nutrients, including antioxidants.
• Raspberries.
• Strawberries.
• Blackcurrants.
• Grapes.
• Pomegranate.
• Avocados.

Look to Fruits and Vegetables for Good Eye Health

Studies show eating bananas help students learn more efficiently and improve exam scores. They also contain vitamin B6, which promotes the production of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine to support concentration.

Although egg yolks are very nutritious, they contain high amounts of phosphorus, making egg whites a better choice for people following a renal diet. Egg whites provide a high quality, kidney-friendly source of protein.

Here are 17 foods that you should likely avoid on a renal diet.

• Dark-colored soda. In addition to the calories and sugar that sodas provide, they harbor additives that contain phosphorus, especially dark-colored sodas.
• Avocados.
• Canned foods.
• Whole wheat bread.
• Brown rice.
• Bananas.
• Dairy.
• Oranges and orange juice.

Here are some tips to help keep your kidneys healthy.

1. Keep active and fit.
2. Control your blood sugar.
3. Monitor blood pressure.
4. Monitor weight and eat a healthy diet.
5. Drink plenty of fluids.
6. Don’t smoke.
7. Be aware of the amount of OTC pills you take.
8. Have your kidney function tested if you’re at high risk.