Glacier can also shape landscapes by depositing rocks and sediment. As the ice melts, it drops the rocks, sediment, and debris once contained within it. Ice at the glacier base may melt, depositing Glaciers can also move sediment from one place to another when it flows over sediment beds.

Rock glaciers sometimes form when slow-moving glacial ice is covered by debris. They are often found in steep-sided valleys, where rocks and soil fall from the valley walls onto the ice. Rock glaciers may also form when frozen soil creeps downslope.

They form in mountains and flow through mountain river valleys. Glaciers cause erosion by plucking and abrasion. Glaciers deposit their sediment when they melt. Landforms deposited by glaciers include drumlins, kettle lakes, and eskers.

Distinctive mountain formations called aretes and horns are the result of glacial activity. An arête is a sharp ridge of rock that forms when two glaciers collide. Each glacier erodes a glacial valley on either side of the arête.

Closeted in a lap of an archetypal U-shaped glacier valley with the Saltoro Hills to the west and Karakoram Range to the east in the Ladakh District of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the Siachen Glacier is the longest (76 km) glacier in Himalaya and the second longest glacier in the world outside the Polar Regions.

Siachen Glacier, one of the world’s longest mountain glaciers, lying in the Karakoram Range system of Kashmir near the India–Pakistan border, extending for 44 mi (70 km) from north-northwest to south-southeast.

Jostedalsbreen

The most impressive is the Gangotri Glacier, the longest glacier in the Indian Himalaya.

Gangotri Glacier, Santopath Glacier, Kedarnath Glacier, Milam Glacier, Pindari Glacier, Shankulapa Glacier, and Poting Glacier.

India has more than 10,000 glaciers but less than 30 being monitored: Experts. In Uttarakhand which has approximately 1,400 glaciers, less than ten are being monitored.

Vatnajökull Glacier is an incredible sight. The water glacier Vatnajökull or the Vatna Glacier is the largest as well as the most voluminous glacier in Iceland. It covers 8% and more of Iceland and considered amongst the largest in the area in Europe.

The entire Siachen Glacier, with all major passes, has been under the administration of India (currently as part of the union territory of Ladakh, located in the Kashmir region) since 1984.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Closer home, in 73 years marked with four large wars against two adversaries, China and Pakistan, two have ended decisively. It is easy to remember the one we won, in 1971 against Pakistan, and impossible to forget the one we lost, in 1962 to China.

The 13-day military conflict is one of the shortest wars in history. It ended with a decisive win for India and led to the creation of Bangladesh. India on Wednesday is observing the 50th anniversary of the 1971 war with Pakistan, also known as the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Over 3,800 soldiers of India and Pakistan lost their lives in this war to end the genocide Pakistan had been conducting against the Bengali population of East Pakistan. The conflict was a result of the Bangladesh Liberation war, when Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) was fighting to seek freedom from (West) Pakistan.

On November 26, 1971, India moved into East Pakistani territory. A long standing ally of Pakistan, China was encouraged by US to mobilise its armed forces along its border with India. However, due to lack of dominant positions on the Sino-Indian border, China demanded an immediate ceasefire.

It is estimated that members of the Pakistani military and supporting pro Pakistani Islamist militias killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 civilians in Bangladesh. As a result of the conflict, a further eight to ten million people fled the country to seek refuge in India.

India supported the secession and, as a guarantee against possible Chinese entrance into the conflict on the side of West Pakistan, it signed with the Soviet Union the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in August 1971.

Countries considered India’s closest include the Russian Federation, Israel, Afghanistan, France, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and the United States. Russia is the largest supplier of military equipment to India, followed by Israel and France.

Plucking is the process by which rocks and other sediments are picked up by a glacier. They freeze to the bottom of the glacier and are carried away by the flowing ice. Abrasion is the process in which a glacier scrapes underlying rock. These grooves are called glacial striations.

A glacier’s weight, combined with its gradual movement, can drastically reshape the landscape over hundreds or even thousands of years. The ice erodes the land surface and carries the broken rocks and soil debris far from their original places, resulting in some interesting glacial landforms.

One way that glaciers change the landscape is by erosion. As they pass over the ground, the ice scrapes up soil and rock. A valley glacier will leave a valley much deeper, as it erodes the underlying surface with plucking and abrasion. This feature of glacial movement leaves large and gaping holes behind.

There are two main types of glaciers: continental glaciers and alpine glaciers.

This is because as the glacier melts, water seeps into cracks on the rock underneath the glacier. As this water seeps into the cracks, it would be turned into ice. As the ice expands, it causes the rock to break up into pieces. This process is called mechanical weathering.

Characteristics. Moraines may be composed of debris ranging in size from silt-sized glacial flour to large boulders. The debris is typically sub-angular to rounded in shape. Moraines may be on the glacier’s surface or deposited as piles or sheets of debris where the glacier has melted.

Moraines are divided into four main categories: lateral moraines, medial moraines, supraglacial moraines, and terminal moraines. A lateral moraine forms along the sides of a glacier.

Weathering is the process where rock. is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smaller pieces.

These broken pieces of rock are called sediments. The word “Sedimentary” comes from the root word “Sediment”. Sedimentary rocks are usually formed in water. Sedimentary rocks are formed from broken pieces of rocks.

These chippings make new rock fragments to continue with abrasion. Rivers carry fine rock particles (called sediment) that wear away, or abrade, the banks and bed of the river channel. At the same time, stones bump together, gradually grinding one another down and making the stones smaller and more rounded.

Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size. These physical properties are the result of the processes that formed the rocks.

• Sedimentary rock.
• Mineral.
• Metamorphic rock.
• Igneous rock.
• Geochronology.
• Earth.
• coal.
• Loess.

Most minerals can be characterized and classified by their unique physical properties: hardness, luster, color, streak, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, and tenacity.

• Classified by texture and composition.
• Rarely has fossils.
• May react with acid.
• May have alternate bands of light and dark minerals.
• May be composed of only one mineral, ex. marble & quartzite.
• May have layers of visible crystals.
• Usually made of mineral crystals of different sizes.
• Rarely has pores or openings.

The word metamorphic literally means “changed form”. Slate, a metamorphic rock, can form from shale, clay or mudstone. The Taj Mahal in India is made entirely of different types of marble, a metamorphic rock. Serpentine is a type of metamorphic rock that originates as the igneous rock periodite.

Factors that Control Metamorphism

• Chemical Composition of the Protolith. The type of rock undergoes metamorphism is a major factor in determing what type of metamorphic rock it becomes.
• Temperature.
• Pressure.
• Fluids.
• Time.
• Regional Metamorphism.
• Contact Metamorphism.
• Hydrothermal Metamorphism.

What two features characterize most metamorphic rocks? or alternating light and dark mineral bands) are characteristic of most metamorphic rocks. What phenomena can cause metamorphism? convection, deep burial, and water-rock interactions all lead to metamorphism.

Metamorphic rocks are divided into two categories- Foliates and Non-foliates. Foliates are composed of large amounts of micas and chlorites. These minerals have very distinct cleavage. Foliated metamorphic rocks will split along cleavage lines that are parallel to the minerals that make up the rock.

Marble

Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have been changed (metamorphosed) as a result of intense heat and/or pressure within the Earth’s crust. They are crystalline and often have a “squashed” (foliated or banded) texture.

Rocks have a broad range of uses that makes them significantly important to human life. For instance, rocks are used in construction, for manufacturing substances and making medicine and for the production of gas. Rocks are also extremely vital to scientists as they provide clues about the Earth’s history.

igneous

The main feature that identifies metamorphic rocks is that they are shaped by great heat and pressure. Because their mineral grains grew together tightly during metamorphism, they’re generally strong rocks. They’re made of different minerals than other kinds of rocks and have a wide range of color and luster.

Answer: Metamorphic rocks are almost always harder than sedimentary because they have gone many processe . They are generally as hard and sometimes harder than igneous rocks. They form the roots of many mountain chains and are exposed to the surface after the softer outer layers of rocks are eroded away.

Metamorphic rocks have been on Earth for millions of years. They can be different shapes, sizes, and colors. Metamorphic rocks are used to make buildings, jewelry, powders, and other things. They are an important part of our world.

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have become changed by intense heat or pressure while forming. One way to tell if a rock sample is metamorphic is to see if the crystals within it are arranged in bands. Examples of metamorphic rocks are marble, schist, gneiss, and slate.

When rocks are heated up or put under a lot of pressure, they can change drastically. This is because the minerals that make up the rocks form only at certain temperatures and pressures. Graphite and diamond are two minerals that are both made entirely out of carbon. …

Metamorphic rocks have been put under great pressure, heated, squashed or stretched, and fossils do not usually survive these extreme conditions. Generally it is only sedimentary rocks that contain fossils.