Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) convert chemical energy into energy that our cells can actually use. This process is called cellular respiration. The mitochondria use it to turn glucose and oxygen into a high-energy molecule called ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the money of the cell world.

Cellular Respiration and Mass Plants form glucose by photosynthesis and animals get glucose by breaking down the food they eat. During cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen to release energy and to form carbon dioxide and water.

Animals obtain their energy by oxidation of foods, plants do so by trapping the sunlight using chlorophyll. However, before the energy can be used, it is first transformed into a form which the organism can handle easily. This special carrier of energy is the molecule adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.

Animals and all life that requires oxygen to survive, use glucose and oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic cellular respiration breaks down glucose molecules, storing the energy released during the process in molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which provide the energy needed for cell(s) to do work.

Glucose has one great advantage, however, it is soluble in water and blood and thus easy to distribute around the body. Animals use this simple monosaccharide as a portable source of instant energy, adding and releasing it from the liver if and when it is required.

Carbohydrates are the basic energy source in animal cells. Dietary carbohydrates obtained from plant-based products serve as a major source of energy for the animal.

The primary role of carbohydrates is to supply energy to all cells in the body. Many cells prefer glucose as a source of energy versus other compounds like fatty acids. Some cells, such as red blood cells, are only able to produce cellular energy from glucose.

Plants store carbohydrates in long polysaccharides chains called starch, while animals store carbohydrates as the molecule glycogen. These large polysaccharides contain many chemical bonds and therefore store a lot of chemical energy.

The carbohydrate present in animal body is also known as animal starch or glycogen.

deoxyribose

2 – Glycogen Glycogen is structurally similar to amylopectin, but it’s the storage form of carbohydrate in animals, humans included. It’s made up of highly branched chains of glucose, and it’s stored in the liver and skeletal muscle.

Carbohydrates, often referred to as just “carbs,” are your body’s primary energy source, according to MedlinePlus. The three main types of carbohydrates are sugars, starches, and fiber. They’re called “simple” or “complex” on the basis of their chemical makeup and what your body does with them.

Common simple carbs added to foods include:

• raw sugar.
• brown sugar.
• corn syrup and high-fructose corn syrup.
• glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
• fruit juice concentrate.

While all carbs break down into glucose, the best carbs for your health are the ones you’ll eat in their closest-to-nature state as possible: vegetables, fruit, pulses, legumes, unsweetened dairy products, and 100% whole grains, like brown rice, quinoa, wheat, and oats.

Simple carbohydrates are found naturally in foods such as fruits, milk, and milk products. They are also found in processed and refined sugars such as candy, table sugar, syrups, and soft drinks.

By contrast, a banana has a complex structure made up of water, fat, protein, fiber and myriad other molecules, as well as carbohydrates in the form of simple sugars and starches.

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The initial spike in energy is responsible for the so-called “sugar rush” that people have long believed follows the consumption of certain simple carbohydrates, such as a chocolate bar or a sugary drink.

Refined sugars are digested faster than complex carbs, and are implicated in weight gain and metabolic diseases. Carbohydrates are confused with refined sugars, but as we’ll explain below, complex carbohydrates are important for health.

The difference between them lies in the number of sugar molecules they contain. Simple carbs — also known as simple sugars — contain one or two sugar molecules, whereas complex carbs have three or more. A simple sugar may be a mono- or disaccharide.

These single sugar molecules contain 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms (i.e. chemical formula as C6H12O6)….Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars)

Monosaccharides are the most simple sugars, containing three to seven carbon atoms in each molecule, and are the only form of sugar that can be fermented by starter cultures directly into lactic acid.

simple carbohydrates (or simple sugars): including fructose, glucose, and lactose, which also are found in nutritious whole fruits. complex carbohydrates (or starches): found in foods such as starchy vegetables, whole grains, rice, and breads and cereals.

Which Fruits Have the Most Sugar?

• 1 / 13. Mangoes. Fruit’s good for you!
• 2 / 13. Grapes. A cup of these has about 23 grams sugar.
• 3 / 13. Cherries. They’re sweet, and they have the sugar to show for it: A cup of them has 18 grams.
• 4 / 13. Pears.
• 5 / 13. Watermelon.
• 6 / 13. Figs.
• 7 / 13. Bananas.
• 8 / 13. Less Sugar: Avocados.

20 Healthy Fruits That Are Super Nutritious

1. Apples. One of the most popular fruits, apples are chock-full of nutrition.
2. Blueberries. Blueberries are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Bananas.
4. Oranges.
5. Dragon fruit.
6. Mango.
7. Avocado.
8. Lychee.

11 Best Low-Sugar Fruits

• Lemons (and limes)
• Raspberries.
• Strawberries.
• Blackberries.
• Kiwis.
• Grapefruit.
• Avocado.
• Watermelon.

Low-sugar fruits include:

1. Strawberries. Strawberries, like many other berries, are often high in fiber and contain very little sugar.
2. Peaches. Although they taste sweet, a medium sized peach only contains around 13 g of sugar .
3. Blackberries.
4. Lemons and limes.
5. Honeydew melon.
6. Oranges.
7. Grapefruit.
8. Avocados.

An apple a day… counts as two servings of fruit. Royal gala and honey crisp can contain 19 grams of sugar, but green apples, like granny smith, contain 9 grams.

Granny Smith apple

Choose raw or frozen pineapple over pineapple juice or dried pineapple, which generally contain added sugar and so can cause spikes in blood glucose levels. To limit the impact on blood sugar levels, eat pineapple in moderation and pair it with protein or healthful fat to minimize the total GI value of the meal.

The chemical energy in sugar is stored in the covalent bonds between the atoms that make up the sugar molecule. The sugar that is called glucose is made by plants during the process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis utilizes the green pigment called chlorophyll to capture sunlight energy.

The two ATP-producing processes can be viewed as glycolysis (the anaerobic part) followed by aerobic respiration (the oxygen-requiring part).

Animals use energy for many different things. They need energy to grow, to move, to keep themselves warm and to heal their body when it gets hurt or sick. Where does the energy that animals use come from? (Allow the students to answer.)

This energy comes from the sun. Plants make their food from energy from the sun. Animals get their energy from the food they eat. This passing of energy from the sun to plants to animals to other animals is called a food chain.

carbohydrates

In an animal’s body, chemical energy from food is changed into , which is used to keep the body warm. The body also transforms chemical energy into for activities involving movement. Energy from the sun is transformed into in plants through photosynthesis.

When we go for a run we are using chemical energy in our bodies to produce movement (kinetic energy), which in turn converts to warmth (thermal energy).

Many forms of energy exist, but they all fall into two basic categories:

• Potential energy.
• Kinetic energy.

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another. In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

There is law called Law of conservation of energy which theoretically states “the total energy of an isolated system remains constant—it is said to be conserved over time. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another.”

The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant, merely changing from one form to another. The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.

Heat energy is the most easily dissipated form of energy. Light energy is frequently energy seen in combustion, and is a type of wave motion. Sound energy is another type of wave motion caused by the vibration of molecules in the air. Like heat energy, sound is a type of energy that is generally lost.

YES, light can be destroyed , but its energy cannot be destroyed . when the energy in the light changes to another form(like heat)..you can say that light is destroyed. light,heat,sound… every form of energy can be destroyed(it changes from one form to another), but the energy it posses is not destroyed.

all matter and psychological processes — thoughts, emotions, beliefs, and attitudes — are composed of energy. When applied to the human body, every atom, molecule, cell, tissue and body system is composed of energy that when superimposed on each other create what is known as the human energy field.

Pure energy is any field energy, like potential energy, any kinetic energy, like a fast moving particle, but no mass energy of stable or nearly stable massive particles which would require a process to turn into work.

ADAM1

Biblical Adam (man, mankind) is created from adamah (earth), and Genesis 1–8 makes considerable play of the bond between them, for Adam is estranged from the earth through his disobedience.

The First Humans One of the earliest known humans is Homo habilis, or “handy man,” who lived about 2.4 million to 1.4 million years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa.

On the biggest steps in early human evolution scientists are in agreement. The first human ancestors appeared between five million and seven million years ago, probably when some apelike creatures in Africa began to walk habitually on two legs.

Africa