The main way that mountains affect temperature is by cause air to rise and then fall. Therefore as pressure drops so does temperature. As air rises up the windward side of the mountain it drops in temperature. As it descends on the leeward side of the mountain it increases in temperature.

But as it does, the atmospheric pressure decreases, the air expands, and it cools. So, even though they’re closer to the sun, thin air in the mountains keeps them colder than the thicker air in the lowlands surrounding them.

(Also called highland climate.) Generally, the climate of high elevations. Mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction.

As the air moves up the windward side of a mountain, it cools, and the volume decreases. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop. When the air descends the leeward side, it warms and is drier because the moisture in the air was wrung out during the ascent.

Collisions between molecules increase temperature: where air is denser, the air temperature is higher. Rainshadow effect occurs on the leeward side of a mountain range. Maritime air may become stuck on the windward side of a mountain range and so is unable to bring cooler air further inland.

Mountains can affect the climate of nearby lands. In some areas, mountains block rain, so that one side of a mountain range may be rainy and the other side may be a desert. Much of airborne moisture falls as rain on the windward side of mountains.

While mountains don’t literally “make their own weather,” they do sometimes provide additional catalysts to create localized disturbances which you might otherwise characterize as “weather” (thunderstorms, clouds, rain, etc).

Today about 720 million people, or 12% of the world’s population, live in mountain regions, many of them economically and politically marginalized. The mountain residents have adapted to the conditions, but in the developing world they often suffer from food insecurity and poor health.

Some of the wild animals of the Everest region include Snow Leopard, Himalayan Tahrs, Red Panda, Musk Deer, and Wild Yak. Snow Leopard and the Red Panda are among the rare and endangered species of the country. There are only about 500 Snow Leopards remaining in the Himalayas of Nepal.

The bar-headed goose is famous for reaching extreme altitudes during its twice-yearly migrations across the Himalayas. These geese have been tracked flying as high as 7,270 meters up, and mountaineers have anecdotally reported seeing them fly over summits around Mount Everest (that are over 8,000 meters tall).

One of the reasons why is Annapurna so deadly is because of its unpredictable climate. Annapurna remains cold and covered with snow throughout the year, on top of that, it can receive high velocity wind and snowfall in any season, which makes climbing the mountain tough for the climbers.