Current Electricity

three types

What You Do:

1. Disconnect one of the wires from the battery pack. Connect one end of the new wire to the battery.
2. You have made an open circuit and the bulb should not light up. Next you will test objects to see if they are conductors or insulators.
3. Connect the ends of the free wires to an object and see what happens.

1. Current electricity is about moving charged particles.
2. Current is the rate of flow of charge; it is the amount of charge flowing per second through a conductor.
3. The equation for calculating current is:
4. I = current (amps, A)
5. Q = charge flowing past a point in the circuit (coulombs, C)

Since a chemical bond has two electrons, the “number of bonding electrons divided by 2” is by definition equal to the number of bonds surrounding the atom. So we can instead use this shortcut formula: Formal Charge = [# of valence electrons on atom] – [non-bonded electrons + number of bonds].

Molecules form by two main types of bonds: the ionic bond and the covalent bond. An ionic bond transfers an electron from one atom to another, and a covalent bond shares the electrons.

To determine the charge on a given transition metal atom, you have to consider what element it is, the charges on the other atoms in the molecule, and the net charge on the molecule itself. The charges are always whole numbers, and the sum of all the atomic charges equals the charge on the molecule.

Many transition metals cannot lose enough electrons to attain a noble-gas electron configuration. In addition, the majority of transition metals are capable of adopting ions with different charges. Because most transition metals have two valence electrons, the charge of 2+ is a very common one for their ions.

Some of the more well-known transitional metals include titanium, iron, manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, silver, mercury and gold. Three of the most noteworthy elements are iron, cobalt and nickel as they are only elements known to produce a magnetic field.