Steps to Making Your Frequency Distribution

1. Step 1: Calculate the range of the data set.
2. Step 2: Divide the range by the number of groups you want and then round up.
3. Step 3: Use the class width to create your groups.
4. Step 4: Find the frequency for each group.

Percentage is calculated by taking the frequency in the category divided by the total number of participants and multiplying by 100%. To calculate the percentage of males in Table 3, take the frequency for males (80) divided by the total number in the sample (200). Then take this number times 100%, resulting in 40%.

A percentage frequency distribution is a display of data that specifies the percentage of observations that exist for each data point or grouping of data points. The percentage frequency of each would be 5%, 40%, 25%, 20%, and 10%, respectively.

A frequency count is a measure of the number of times that an event occurs. Thus, a relative frequency of 0.50 is equivalent to a percentage of 50%. …

A relative frequency is the ratio (fraction or proportion) of the number of times a value of the data occurs in the set of all outcomes to the total number of outcomes. To find the relative frequencies, divide each frequency by the total number of students in the sample–in this case, 20.

Reporting Statistical Results in Your Paper

1. Means: Always report the mean (average value) along with a measure of variablility (standard deviation(s) or standard error of the mean ).
2. Frequencies: Frequency data should be summarized in the text with appropriate measures such as percents, proportions, or ratios.

You should always use the “Valid Percent” column unless the missing values are of some substantive interest to you (and they usually are not). In our example, the “Percent” and “Valid percent” columns are identical because there are no missing values for the variable region.

Apply the formula: – Median = L+(N2−cff)×h, where L = lower class containing the median, N = total student, f = frequency of the class containing median, cf = cumulative frequency before the median class, h = class interval, to calculate the value of x.

Answer: Radio, television, newspapers, Internet.

Answer: The government has powers to disallow media from publishing or showing certain stories. This power is called censorship. This power could be about disallowing a news item, scenes of a movie or lyrics of a song from being shared with the masses.

Answer: A retailer is a small trader who buys goods from the wholesale trader and sells this to the consumer. 9. Who is Aftab?

A weekly market is so called because it is held on a specific day of the week. Weekly markets do not have permanent shops. This is because when shops are in permanent buildings, they incur a lot of expenditure – they have to pay rent, electricity, fees to the government. They also have to pay wages to their workers.

A retailer is a person or business that you purchase goods from. They purchase goods from a manufacturer or a wholesaler and sell these goods to consumers in small quantities. Retailing is the distribution process of a retailer obtaining goods or services and selling them to customers for use.

It establishes a link between the producer and the consumer. There are different kinds of markets namely; weekly market, shops, shopping complex or mall. The profit earned by different market varies. It depends on the type of investment made by seller and buying capacity of the customer.

Things in a weekly market are cheaper because:

• Shopkeepers do not spend much in terms of rent for shop, electricity, wages to workers or packaging of goods.
• The sellers store goods at home and have vehicles to move around.
• Their family members help them to produce or sell goods.

The technologies that mass media use keep changing and so a lot of money is spent on getting the latest technology. Due to these costs, the mass media needs a great deal of money to do its work. Thus, mass media is constantly thinking of ways to make money.

In what ways is a hawker different from a shop owner? Answer: Hawkers do not have permanent shops whereas shop owners have permanent shops. They generally sell items like vegetables and fruits. Their income levels are less than that of shop owners.

The major ideas expressed by Kabir include:

• Rejection of major religious traditions.
• Criticism of all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam.
• Criticism of priestly classes and the caste system.
• Belief in a formless Supreme God.
• Emphasis on Bhakti or devotion to achieve salvation.