Visual artwork, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, mixed media, and whatnot, is italicized, never put in quotation marks. Thus, Van Gogh’s Starry Night and Rodin’s The Thinker both have italics. The one exception to this policy is the title of your own unpublished student essay at the top of the first page.

Painting or Drawing

1. To be made up of: Artist. Year (if available). Title of the work (in italics). Medium (in square brackets). Institution or collection that houses the work, followed by the city.
2. In-text citation: Works by Dali (1958). are fascinating.
3. Reference list: Dali, S. (1958) Madonna [Oil on canvas]. Tate Gallery, London.

Titles of paintings, drawings, statues, etc. are italicized, and so are titles of exhibitions. Titles of collections are neither italicized nor put in quotes.

The most standard information included on artwork labels is:

1. The artist’s name. This one is pretty straightforward!
2. The title of the work.
3. The date of the artwork.
4. The size of the artwork.
5. 4.a The duration of the work.
6. The medium of the artwork.
7. The price or the credit listing.
8. Additional information.

Primary sources are: things like: paintings, drawings, letters, diaries, newspapers.

Primary sources can be described as those sources that are closest to the origin of the information. Secondary sources often use generalizations, analysis, interpretation, and synthesis of primary sources. Examples of secondary sources include textbooks, articles, and reference books.

Primary sources help students develop knowledge, skills, and analytical abilities. When dealing directly with primary sources, students engage in asking questions, thinking critically, making intelligent inferences, and developing reasoned explanations and interpretations of events and issues in the past and present.

Common examples of secondary sources include academic books, journal articles, reviews, essays, and textbooks.

Examples of Tertiary Sources: Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary), almanacs, fact books, Wikipedia, bibliographies (may also be secondary), directories, guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, and textbooks (may be secondary), indexing and abstracting sources.

Examples of secondary sources:

• Articles from magazines, journals, and newspapers after the event.
• Literature reviews and review articles (e.g., movie reviews, book reviews)
• History books and other popular or scholarly books.
• Works of criticism and interpretation.
• Commentaries and treatises.
• Textbooks.
• Indexes and abstracts.

The Internet is currently a component of the secondary data sources, one of the possible secondary data sources. The use of the Internet as a secondary source of data means both advantages and disadvantages; the qualities of the Internet should not be overvalued, although they exist.

Secondary sources can be found in books, journals, or Internet resources….

1. the online catalog,
2. the appropriate article databases,
3. subject encyclopedias,
4. bibliographies,
5. and by consulting with your instructor.

Primary sources are the original documents of an event or discovery such as results of research, experiments or surveys, interviews, letters, diaries, legal documents, and scientific journal articles.

In contrast, a secondary source of information is one that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions you’re researching. For the purposes of a historical research project, secondary sources are generally scholarly books and articles.

Examples of primary sources are letters, manuscripts, diaries, journals, newspapers, speeches, interviews, memoirs, documents from government agencies, photographs, audio and video recordings, research data, objects, and artifacts.

A primary source is a work that gives original information. It is something that comes from a time being studied or from a person who was involved in the events being studied. Some primary sources supply factual information about a subject. Other primary sources express the views of people who experienced events.

The four primary sources are constitutions, statutes, cases, and regulations. These laws and rules are issued by official bodies from the three branches of government.

How do Primary and Secondary Sources differ? While primary sources are the original records created by firsthand witnesses of an event, secondary sources are documents, texts, images, and objects about an event created by someone who typically referenced the primary sources for their information.

Use your primary sources as evidence for answering your research question and write based on those sources, rather than “plugging them in” after the fact to bolster your argument. In short, primary sources should drive the paper, not the other way around.