Begin the literary commentary by noting the basic details of the text. State the title, author, date of publication, and genre of the text. This should appear in your introduction section. You can also mention at what point in a larger work the passage occurs, if relevant.

Examples of commentary in a Sentence The magazine includes humor and social commentary. The book is a commentary on her experiences abroad. I like listening to his social commentaries. He provided commentary during the game.

When a golf announcer narrates a major golf tournament, describing each player’s shots and talking about his score, this is an example of commentary. When there is a DVD-director’s cut of a movie that is accompanied by the director explaining his choices, this explanation is an example of commentary.

How to write a commentary

1. Do not summarize the focal article; just give the reference.
2. Do not include general praise for the focal article.
3. Use only essential citations.
4. Use a short title that emphasizes your key message.
5. Do not include an abstract.
6. Make clear your take-home message.

Writing commentary means giving your opinion, interpretation, insight, analysis, explication, personal reaction, evaluation or reflection about a concrete detail in an essay. Commentary requires you to think of some original things (from your brain) to say about your concrete detail.

Purpose: The purpose of commentary is not simply to report things but to give readers a way to make sense of them. A commentary will help you write critically about a topic and will help you analyze this topic within a larger societal context.

You are going to need at least two sentences of commentary for every detail sentence. A good rule of thumb is that your commentary should be twice as long as your details. Otherwise, your paper is just full of facts. We want to know how YOU think these facts prove your point and what YOU think they mean.

A quote can be spoken by a character or be description/narration from another character. Synonyms for CONCRETE DETAIL are evidence, facts, specifics, examples, support, proof, and quotes.

The Types of Concrete

• Normal Strength Concrete. This concrete combines all the basic ingredients — concrete, sand and aggregate — using the 1:2:4 ratio.
• Plain or Ordinary Concrete.
• Reinforced Concrete.
• Prestressed Concrete.
• Precast Concrete.
• Lightweight Concrete.
• High-Density Concrete.
• Air-Entrained Concrete.

A concrete detail is a descriptive detail grounded in specificity. When writers provide concrete examples, persuasive writing becomes more convincing, stories become more engaging, and characters become more vivid and lifelike.

The concrete detail that is provided after the topic sentence is simply a statement that supports what was previously mentioned. It may include several things and is essentially a fact, or something know to be true as it relates to the topic.

There are three types of claims: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Each type of claim focuses on a different aspect of a topic.

Writing Concisely

1. Eliminate unnecessary phrases and redundancies.
2. Use clear and straightforward language.
3. Write in active voice.
4. Shorten wordy phrases.
5. Avoid starting sentences with “there is”, “there are”, or “it is”.
6. Eliminate extra nouns.
7. Eliminate filler words such as “that”, “of”, or “up”.

Examples of fact statements

• Your heart pumps blood through your body.
• The leaves of growing plants are usually green.
• People use their legs to walk.
• Some people keep dogs as pets.
• 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram.
• There are 50 states in the United States.

Talking about a Fact (100% Sure that It is True)

1. It has been established that… It has been established that the Earth is round.
2. It is true that…
3. Research has proven that…,
4. I recently read/saw in the news that…
5. Research seems to show that…
6. I’ve heard that…
7. Isn’t it true that….?
8. Apparently, …

A fun fact is a tidbit of interesting or entertaining trivia. People often introduce a fun fact, sometimes in the form of witty and biting observations, with the phrase itself because otherwise how would you know it was a fun fact.

Collective and professional opinions

• Public opinion.
• Group opinion.
• Scientific opinion.
• Legal opinion.
• Judicial opinion.
• Editorial opinion.

A qualified opinion is a reflection of the auditor’s inability to give an unqualified, or clean, audit opinion. An unqualified opinion is issued if the financial statements are presumed to be free from material misstatements. A qualified opinion is still acceptable to most lenders, creditors, and investors.

A fact is a statement that can be proven true or false. An opinion is an expression of a person’s feelings that cannot be proven. Opinions can be based on facts or emotions and sometimes they are meant to deliberately mislead others.

What Is an Audit?

• There are three main types of audits: external audits, internal audits, and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audits.
• External audits are commonly performed by Certified Public Accounting (CPA) firms and result in an auditor’s opinion which is included in the audit report.

For reliable audits, there are 7 audit principles that an auditor should adhere to, set out by ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems.

• Integrity. The foundation of professionalism.
• Fair Presentation.
• Due Professional Care.
• Confidentiality.
• Independence.
• Evidence-based approach.
• Risk-based approach.

For example, an auditor looks for inconsistencies in financial records. An audit might include collecting a sample from a pool of data using a specific protocol and analyzing the findings to generalize about the data pool’s characteristics.

The term audit checklist is used to describe a document that is created during the audit planning stage. This document is essentially a list of the tasks that must be completed as part of the audit.

The 14 Steps of Performing an Audit

• Receive vague audit assignment.
• Gather information about audit subject.
• Determine audit criteria.
• Break the universe into pieces.
• Identify inherent risks.
• Refine audit objective and sub-objectives.
• Identify controls and assess control risk.
• Choose methodologies.

5S audit is the process of evaluating the proper implementation of 5S in the workplace. Conducting 5S audits help ensure that the workplace is consistently following the 5S principles: Seiri (Sort), Seiton (Systematize), Seiso (Shining), Seiketsu (Standardizing), and Shitsuke (Sustaining).

Audit Process

1. Step 1: Planning. The auditor will review prior audits in your area and professional literature.
2. Step 2: Notification.
3. Step 3: Opening Meeting.
4. Step 4: Fieldwork.
5. Step 5: Report Drafting.
6. Step 6: Management Response.
7. Step 7: Closing Meeting.
8. Step 8: Final Audit Report Distribution.

There are four main phases to an internal audit: Preparation, Performance, Reporting, and Follow Up. The first two of these phases can be broken down into a series of smaller steps.

There are five phases of our audit process: Selection, Planning, Execution, Reporting, and Follow-Up.

planning stage