Gram staining is a common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based on their different cell wall constituents. The Gram stain procedure distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative groups by coloring these cells red or violet.

The most basic reason that cells are stained is to enhance visualization of the cell or certain cellular components under a microscope. Cells may also be stained to highlight metabolic processes or to differentiate between live and dead cells in a sample.

Clinical Significance of Gram Staining The Gram stain is a very important preliminary step in the initial characterization and classification of bacteria. It is also a key procedure in the identification of bacteria based on staining characteristics, enabling the bacteria to be examined using a light microscope.

The Gram stain is fundamental to the phenotypic characterization of bacteria. The staining procedure differentiates organisms of the domain Bacteria according to cell wall structure. Gram-positive cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain blue to purple.

The Gram stain is the most important staining procedure in microbiology. It is used to differentiate between gram positive organisms and gram negative organisms.

The main benefit of a gram stain is that it helps your doctor learn if you have a bacterial infection, and it determines what type of bacteria are causing it. This can help your doctor determine an effective treatment plan.

A Gram stain is a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection or in certain body fluids, such as blood or urine. These sites include the throat, lungs, and genitals, and in skin wounds. There are two main categories of bacterial infections: Gram-positive and Gram-negative.

Gram-negative bacteria are classified by the color they turn after a chemical process called Gram staining is used on them. Gram-negative bacteria stain red when this process is used. Other bacteria stain blue. They are called gram-positive bacteria.

The gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet colour and stains purple whereas the gram-negative bacteria lose crystal violet and stain red. Thus, the two types of bacteria are distinguished by gram staining. Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant against antibodies because their cell wall is impenetrable.

Gram-positive bacteria cause tremendous problems and are the focus of many eradication efforts, but meanwhile, Gram-negative bacteria have been developing dangerous resistance and are therefore classified by the CDC as a more serious threat.

The Gram-positive bacteria include staphylococci (“staph”), streptococci (“strep”), pneumococci, and the bacterium responsible for diphtheria (Cornynebacterium diphtheriae) and anthrax (Bacillus anthracis).

Most infections due to Gram-positive organisms can be treated with quite a small number of antibiotics. Penicillin, cloxacillin, and erythromycin should be enough to cover 90 per cent of Gram-positive infections.

Abstract. Gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), particularly among individuals who are elderly, pregnant, or who have other risk factors for UTI.

Urinary tract infections are caused by microorganisms — usually bacteria — that enter the urethra and bladder, causing inflammation and infection. Though a UTI most commonly happens in the urethra and bladder, bacteria can also travel up the ureters and infect your kidneys.

Amikacin and Gentamicin appeared most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive UTI bacteria. Nitrofurantoin was found the least effective among the tested antibiotics.

Normally, the urinary tract and urine are free of bacteria and nitrite. When bacteria enter the urinary tract, they can cause a urinary tract infection. A positive nitrite test result can indicate a UTI.

Bacteria known as Escherichia coli (E. coli) cause the majority of lower urinary tract infections….Other bacteria that commonly cause UTIs include:

• Proteus.
• Klebsiella.
• Enterobacter.
• Staphylococcus.
• Acinetobacter.

Urine contains fluids, salts and waste products but is sterile or free of bacteria, viruses and other disease-causing organisms. A UTI occurs when bacteria from another source, such as the nearby anus, gets into the urethra. The most common bacteria found to cause UTIs is Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Drink more water. Why it helps: Water flushes out the bacteria in your bladder. This helps get rid of the infection faster. It also dilutes your urine, so urinating may be less painful.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) A urinalysis can give clues to the presence of sexually transmitted infections. A positive dipstick for leukocyte esterase or increased numbers of white blood cells in the microscopic exam is suggestive of chlamydia or gonoccocal infection.

A urinalysis is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis involves checking the appearance, concentration and content of urine. Abnormal urinalysis results may point to a disease or illness.