The transport of sand and pebbles along the coast is called longshore drift. The prevailing wind (the direction the wind ususally blows from) causes waves to approach the coast at an angle. The swash carries the sand and pebbles up the beach at the same angle (usually 45º).

Landforms created by longshore drift and coastal deposition Barrier beaches are formed where spits are joined to the mainland at both ends, trapping water behind in a lagoon; an example of this can be seen at Slapton in Devon.

The size of the sediment particles moved by the wave is determined by what is available on the sea bed, and by the power of the wave. Each wave can move the sediment a little further across the beach. Groynes are effective at trapping material as it is moved along along the coast by longshore drift.

How are Sandbars Formed? Sandbars begin forming underwater. As waves break, this pulls material from the shoreline, migrating further into the ocean. During heavy storms, large waves can build sandbars far from shore, until they rise above the water’s surface.

Sandbar, also called Offshore Bar, submerged or partly exposed ridge of sand or coarse sediment that is built by waves offshore from a beach. Some of this sand is carried forward onto the beach and the rest is deposited on the offshore flank of the trough.

Sandbars. Seen through the transparent lake water, offshore bars have formed at Eagle River. These are ephemeral features on some shorelines, seasonal on some and essentially permanent on others. They are evidence for changing lake levels.

Rip currents can occur at any beach with breaking waves, including Great Lakes beaches.

Currents develop in lakes from winds across the surface and from temperature patterns and bathymetry along with the Coriolis “force”. The current strengths and directions vary every minute, but in general they display a counterclockwise pattern.

Sandbars are formed from the combination of erosion and deposition processes.

The deposition of sand mediated by waves produce beaches and sandbars. The waves continuously erode and shape the coastline. The tides, winds, storms, and at certain occasions earthquakes results in the formation of waves. The sandbars also known as trough bars, are formed at the point of breaking of the waves.

Answer: The deposition of sand mediated by waves produce beaches and sandbars.

Landforms Produced by Deposition Rivers create deltas when they deposit sand and sediment at their mouths, where the water slows to meet the ocean. Ocean waves create beaches and sand bars as they deposit sand over time.

Answer: A particle with jagged, rough ends has a high rate of deposition.

Explanation: particle with sharp ends would have the slowest rate of deposition. The frictional force which is important that gives resistance to the movement will be higher for irregularly shaped particles and this is the reason sharp ends particles have the slowest rate of deposition.

Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

Very dense particles settle faster than low-density particles.

Larger sediments (cobbles, boulders) will settle quickly. As the stream slows down, the larger particles settle first… 2) Shape – Rounder, more spherical particles settle out faster than flat, angular or irregularly shaped particles.

There are three types of soil particles: sand, silt and clay. Most soils are made up of a combination of sand, silt and clay particles.

Longshore transport refers to the cumulative movement of beach and nearshore sand parallel to the shore by the combined action of tides, wind, and waves and the shore-parallel currents produced by them. It is also summed algebraically, at least conceptually, in the direction perpendicular to the shoreline.

Sand grains move along the shore and up and down beaches because of currents made by waves. This is called a longshore current because it flows along the shore, parallel to the beach. Sometimes the waves make currents that flow perpendicular to the beach or cross-shore. These are called undertow and rip currents.

How do longshore currents develop, and how do they impact beaches and swimmers? longshore currents develop from waves breaking offshore at an angle. these impact beaches bc they transport sediments along the coast. these impact swimmers because they push you farther down the beach away from your original spot.

Groynes were originally installed along the coastline in 1915. Groynes control beach material and prevent undermining of the promenade seawall. Groynes interrupt wave action and protect the beach from being washed away by longshore drift. Longshore drift is the wave action that slowly erodes the beach.

Longshore drift is a process responsible for moving significant amounts of sediment along the coast. The swash moves beach material along the beach and the backwash, under gravity, pulls the material back down the beach at right angles to the coastline.

Each wave can move the sediment a little further across the beach. Groynes are effective at trapping material as it is moved along along the coast by longshore drift. On the other side of the groyne the beach level is lower because sediment has been caught on this side and cannot move further along the beach.

Particle size is determined by passing a sample of sediment through a series of sieves, each successive sieve being finer than the preceding one. The fraction remaining on each sieve is weighed and its weight expressed as a percentage of the weight of the original sample.

They are often determined by the topography and shape of the coastline which directs the movement of the sediment within the cell. The boundaries of the sediment cells tend to be headlands and peninsulas which act as natural barriers to stop the further movement of the sediment.

The main techniques used in dune stabilisation are fencing, thatching, mulching and planting. They can be implemented separately, although planting is usually used in combination with fencing. Other methods include the placement of gravel and spraying with mud, bitumen or artificial chemical mix.

Second, dunes are very important seaside habitats and are home to many plants and animals. Once stabilized by Beachgrass, the dunes can be home to a number of plant species including: beach pea, bayberry, seaside goldenrod, wild rose and cranberry.

SOIL AMENDMENTS, SUCH AS TOPSOIL, CLAY, MUCK, AND PEAT INCORPORATED INTO THE SAND, PLUS SEEDING; OR MULCHING COMBINED WITH SEEDING; OR SPRIGGING HAVE BEEN USED SUCCESSFULLY BY SEVERAL STATES TO STABILIZE SAND EMBANKMENTS.

These may be used with the various methods that will be discussed later.

1. Lime. Slaked lime is most often used in the stabilization of subgrades and road bases, particularly in soil that is clay-like or highly plastic.
2. Cement.
3. Bitumen.
4. Chemical Compounds.
5. Geotextiles.
6. Mixing Materials.
7. Grouting.
8. Electrical Stabilization.

Soil stabilization aims at improving soil strength and increasing resistance to softening by water through bonding the soil particles together, water proofing the particles or combination of the two (Sherwood, 1993). Usually, the technology provides an alternative provision structural solution to a practical problem.

Soil stabilization methods include:

1. Drain excess moisture out of the soils using drainage tile.
2. Tilling and turning over the soil to help dry it.
3. Excavation into the dirt subgrade and replacing the soil with a proper base material to help bridge the unstable soils.