Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by wind power. Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms.

As plows tear into the ground, they loosen the upper 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) of soil, exposing the dirt to rain and wind. This method leaves fields unturned and allows crop stubble to remain on the surface to protect the soil; farmers plant new crops by making small holes in the layer of plant material.

While plowing or tilling fields can disrupt the weed lifecycle, it can also disrupt the microorganisms in the soil and adversely affect the soil health. Traditional plowing by definition turns up bare soil and buries all plant residue leaving soil vulnerable to wind and water erosion.

Why do farmers Plough at night? There’s basically only one really important reason for farmers to be plowing at night, as opposed to during the day. It’s that they’re in a rush to get their work done as soon as possible,and working night and day speeds things up considerably.

Farmers turn to fertilizers because these substances contain plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilizers are simply plant nutrients applied to agricultural fields to supplement required elements found naturally in the soil.

Farmers plough their fields mainly to loosen the soil though the roots can easily penetrate through the soil. The weeds that are grown in the fields are destroyed through ploughing. Thus the soil becomes fertile and it can be used to cultivate, easily.

The soil is loosened to increase the absorption of water and manures. Loosening of soil particles adds humus and nutrients in the soil that increases crop yields. Tilling or loosening the soil is done by ploughs which are pulled by a pair of bulls.

Since tillage fractures the soil, it disrupts soil structure, accelerating surface runoff and soil erosion. Tillage also reduces crop residue, which help cushion the force of pounding raindrops. Splashed particles clog soil pores, effectively sealing off the soil’s surface, resulting in poor water infiltration.

Loosening the soil allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil and allows the roots to breathe easily even when they go deep into the soil. Loosened soil promotes the growth of organisms like earthworms and microbes which make the soil more fertilized.

Manure is an organic substance that is obtained from decomposition of vegetables and animal waste. Fertilizers are inorganic substances manufactured in factories. Manures are relatively less rich in plant nutrients, they only remove general deficiency of soil.

Answer : It is important to level the field after ploughing because: Ploughing creates air spaces and loosens the soil. Levelling it prevents the top layer of soil from being eroded by wind.

[1] The roots can breathe easily in loose soil. [2] It allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. [3] It increases water holding capacity of soil.

The process of loosening and turning of soil is called Tilling or ploughing.

Turning and loosening of soil brings nutrient-rich soil to the top. Plants can then absorb these nutrients more efficiently. Loose soil mixes more uniformly with fertilizers.

1- Turning and Loosening of the soil bring the nutrient rich soil to the top so that plant can use these nutrients. 2- It permits easy and Deeper penetration of the roots. 3- It provide good aeration to the roots. 4- It promotes growth of useful soil bacteria, earthworms, etc that provide nutrients to the soil.

Ploughing helps the roots of the crops to penetrate deep in the soil and breathe properly. The loosened soil enhances the growth of earthworms which adds humus to the soil. The turning of the soil brings up minerals and nutrient rich soil which enhances crop production.

Hoe

Fork hoes, (also known as prong hoes, tined hoes or bent forks) are hoes that have two or more tines at right angles to the shaft. Their use is typically to loosen the soil, prior to planting or sowing.

Spade, hoe, digging fork, and even shower and hand rake play their part in soil digging activities.

Plough, Hoe & Cultivator are three important tools which help in soil preparation.

Classification of Farm Tools

• Classification of Farm Tools. Digging Tools.
• Crow Bar. – is a tool consisting of a metal bar with a single curved end and flattened points, often with a small fissure on one or both ends for removing nails.
• Pick Mattock.
• Grab Hoe.
• Sickle.
• Sickle.
• Bolo.
• Spade.

Scraping is a technique for working the soil used in agriculture, gardening and ecological management of natural environments. This operation consists of scraping the soil to reopen the vegetation, break down the hard surface layer and renew the substrate.

scraping noun (RUBBING) the act of removing the surface from something using a sharp edge or something rough : Use techniques that generate less dust, such as wet sanding or scraping.

1. Determine what local or state laws must be followed before you dig.
2. Outline the area slated for topsoil removal using the string and stakes to create a border.
3. Using the spade, dig out the area, avoiding any obvious hazards.
4. Continue digging until the hole appears to have two different layers.