Traditionally, the crosslink density of rubber can be measured by some methods, such as, “Gel Fraction”, “Swelling Solvent”, or “Compression Modulus”. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method, can measure the crosslink density of vulcanization of rubbers.

The density of crosslinking in particles will affect the mobility of polymer chains and thus the ability of the particles to merge during the electrospinning process. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the influence of the crosslinking density on the mechanical properties of the fibers is of interest.

The analysis also confirms that a higher crosslink density leads to a higher shear modulus. In other words, a higher crosslink density leads to a higher strain concentration under the same tensile strain. Hence, the higher strain concentration further reduces the fracture strain.

Cross-linking results in a progressive reduction in the percentage of crystalline material at room temperature. However, because of the reduced amount of crystalline material present in the cross-linked polymer, the magnitude of the change in density at the transition temperature is considerably lessened.

Ge = pRT/Mc, where Ge is the equilibrium modulus as determined by a temperature sweep in dynamic mechanical analysis, p is the density (which can be determined by Archimedes method), R is the universal gas constant in J/mol*K and T is absolute temperature in K.

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Cross-links can be formed by chemical reactions that are initiated by heat, pressure, change in pH, or irradiation. For example, mixing of an unpolymerized or partially polymerized resin with specific chemicals called crosslinking reagents results in a chemical reaction that forms cross-links.

The crosslink density strongly affects the mechanical response of the amorphous polymers. The ultimate stresses and the broken ratios increase with increasing crosslink density under tension and shear, while the ultimate strains decrease with increasing crosslink density.

What you understood that cross linking increases the storage modulus that is correct because with cross linking the interconnection between different long back bone chains increase the elastic energy(stress applied and strain)or storage modulus of the polymer.

The increase in crosslink density makes it difficult for segmental mobility during glass transition. It requires more energy at higher crosslink density and shifts the Tg to higher temperature. Similarly tandelta will shift to higher temperature. The damping value will be lower due to resistance in mobility.

The cross-link density is defined by the density of chains or segments that connect two infinite parts of the polymer network, rather than the density of cross-link junctures. The cross-link density is affected by the functionality of the cross-linker molecule.

Storage modulus (G’) is directly related to the crosslink density (Vc) according to the following equation: G’=(Vc)RT. where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. Slop (gradient) of storage modulus versus temperature curve gives you (Vc)R that R is constant, therefore you can measure crosslinking density.

Cross-link density is proportional to the stiffness of the rubber. Therefore, oscillating-disk or moving-die rheometry are popular techniques in the kinetics of rubber vulcanization (Bateman et al., 1963).

The cross-link density was higher for samples without styrene because styrene is a linear chain extender and therefore does not contribute to cross-linking. For samples with styrene, the cross-link density increased slowly at low levels of acrylation (i.e., up to about 2.5 acrylates per triglyceride) [Figure 7.5 (b) ].