Upwelling is the movement of cold, deep, often nutrient-rich water to the surface mixed layer; and downwelling is the movement of surface water to deeper depths. Downwelling occurs when surface waters converge (come together), pushing the surface water downwards.

This process is known as “upwelling.” Upwelling occurs when winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away from an area and subsurface water rises up to replace the diverging surface water. The reverse process, called downwelling, also occurs when wind causes surface water to build up along a coastline.

Downwelling also allows for deep ocean oxygenation to occur because these waters are able to bring dissolved oxygen down from the surface to help facilitate aerobic respiration in organisms throughout the water column.

Worldwide, there are five major coastal currents associated with upwelling areas: the Canary Current (off Northwest Africa), the Benguela Current (off southern Africa), the California Current (off California and Oregon), the Humboldt Current (off Peru and Chile), and the Somali Current (off Somalia and Oman).

Upwelling is most common along the west coast of continents (eastern sides of ocean basins). In the Northern Hemisphere, upwelling occurs along west coasts (e.g., coasts of California, Northwest Africa) when winds blow from the north (causing Ekman transport of surface water away from the shore).

intransitive verb. : to well up specifically : to move or flow upward.

Because the deep water brought to the surface is often rich in nutrients, coastal upwelling supports the growth of seaweed and plankton. These, in turn, provide food for fish, marine mammals, and birds. Upwelling generates some of the world’s most fertile ecosystems.

There are four factors affecting the origin and flow of Ocean Currents i.e. Rotation and gravitational force of the Earth; Oceanic factors (temperature, salinity, density, pressure gradient and melting of ice); atmospheric factors (atmospheric pressure, winds, rainfall, evaporation and insolation); factors that …

Four Factors That Create Ocean Currents

• Wind. Wind is the single biggest factor in the creation of surface currents.
• Water Density. Another major factor in the creation of currents is water density, caused by the amount of salt in a body of water, and its temperature.
• Ocean Bottom Topography.
• Coriolis Effect.

The current flowing through a circuit equals to the voltage divided by the resistance. Voltage, resistance, and whether the circuit is wired in series or parallel. The current in a circuit depends on the applied voltage and the resistance of the circuit.

The resistance of a conductor depends on the cross sectional area of the conductor, the length of the conductor, and its resistivity. It is important to note that electrical conductivity and resistivity are inversely proportional, meaning that the more conductive something is the less resistive it is.

Factors That Affect Resistance How much resistance a material has depends on several factors: the type of material, its width, its length, and its temperature.

There are four factors affecting resistance which are Temperature, Length of wire, Area of the cross-section of the wire, and nature of the material. When there is current in a conductive material, the free electrons move through the material and occasionally collide with atoms.

The resistivity of a material is the resistance of a wire of that material of unit length and unit cross-sectional area. The resistivity of a material depends on its nature and the temperature of the conductor, but not on its shape and size.

Answer: the resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length. so if length is increased then resistivity increases ande vice versa. so if length is doubled resistance will also get doubled i.e resistance is 4 times that of original resistance.

The resistivity change with pressure a t room temperature and the temperature dependence at constant pressure are strongly dependent on the guest 3d metals.

The general rule is resistivity increases with increasing temperature in conductors and decreases with increasing temperature in insulators. As temperature rises, the number of phonons increases and with it the likelihood that the electrons and phonons will collide. Thus when temperature goes up, resistance goes up.

Resistivity is indirectly proportional to the temperature. In other words, as you increase the temperature of materials, their resistivities will decrease.

When the temperature in increased the forbidden gap between the two bands becomes very less and the electrons move from the valence band to the conduction band. Thus when the temperature is increased in a semiconductor, the density of the charge carriers also increases and the resistivity decreases.

The resistance of a conductor increases with an increase in temperature because the thermal velocity of the free electrons increase as the temperature increases. This results in increase in number of collisions between the free electrons.

Thus, resistance generally increases with temperature. For small temperature changes the resistivity varies linearly with temperature: r = ro (1 + a DT), where a is the temperature coefficient of resistivity. which means we’re assuming that length and area don’t change as temperature changes.

Resistivity ρ is an intrinsic property of a material and directly proportional to the total resistance R, an extrinsic quantity that depends on the length and cross-sectional area of a resistor. The resistivity of different materials varies by an enormous amount.

Answer. the metaliods silicon germanium and semiconductors..and blah blah..are elements resistance decreases on increases temp….

Heating a metal conductor makes it more difficult for electricity to flow through it. These collisions cause resistance and generate heat. Heating the metal conductor causes atoms to vibrate more, which in turn makes it more difficult for the electrons to flow, increasing resistance.

When we increases the temperature the amplitude of vibration of atoms increases as result of which the number of collision among the electrons and atom increases, and hence resistances increases.

Answer. Molarity changes with temperature. Explanation: Molarity is defined to be the number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution.

The molality ( m ) of a solution is the moles of solute divided by the kilograms of solvent. Molality is used because its value does not change with changes in temperature. The volume of a solution, on the other hand, is slightly dependent upon temperature.

Solution : (b,d) Both molality and mole fraction are not affected by change in temperature.

As it also depends on volume hence, with change in temperature there will be change in normality of the solution. The number of gram formula masses of the ionic solute dissolved in per liter of solution is known as formality. Since, volume is involved here. Therefore, temperature also affects formality.

Explanation: Molality is not affected by temperature because volume does not involve in molality which changes with temperature.