In Alaska, tankers and pipelines are our primary transportation methods. On the North slope we have a complex system of pipelines that safely move oil from the wellhead, to processing facilities and then into the Trans-Alaska Pipeline system all the way to Valdez.

California has the fifth-largest share of crude oil reserves among the states and is the seventh-largest crude oil producer. Reservoirs along California’s Pacific Coast, including in the Los Angeles basin, as well as those in the state’s Central Valley contain major crude oil reserves.

The 800-mile Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is an engineering marvel that has moved 18 billion barrels of oil since startup in 1977.

Crude oil moves from wellhead to refinery using barges, tankers, over land, pipelines, trucks, and railroads. Natural gas is transported by pipelines and liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers.

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Many drums nominally measure just under 880 millimetres (35 in) tall with a diameter just under 610 millimetres (24 in), and have a common nominal volume of 208 litres (55 US gal) whereas the barrel volume of crude oil is 42 US gallons (159 L).

Fifty-five gallon drums may be metal or plastic. Place the tip of a measuring tape at the bottom of the drum. Stretch the measuring tape up to the drum top including the raised edges around the lid if there are any. Read the measurement in inches to the tenth of an inch for the drum’s external height.

As a general rule, the numbers that are safe for use with food are 1, 2, 4, and 5. The best type of plastic for use in long-term food storage is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is indicated by the “2” symbol.

What this means is that food grade metal barrels are non-toxic and won’t contaminate the food or drink stored inside them when the metal comes into contact with the goods. For the food industry, food grade quality containers are essential for both storage and transport.

A food barrel will always start the string of UN code letters and numbers with a “1.” This means it is a barrel. The next letters and numbers refer to the material used in the drum construction, whether it is an open- or closed-headed drum, and the types of packaging you can include inside.

However these are not UV resistant and are not suitable for outdoor storage. Black drums are problematic as black pigment is often created by mixing various colors in a recycling process and there is no certainty as to what the previous plastic material was used for. Black barrels are generally not food-grade.

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) It is chemically resistant, repels microorganisms and doesn’t leach harmful toxins when used to store food at a variety of temperatures. However, it is not deemed safe for food contact in a recycled state.

What is a food-grade bucket? Some buckets are labeled food grade. The difference between food grade and non-food grade is the types of dyes used for coloring and the type of chemicals used to release the buckets from the molds. It has nothing to do with the sanitary conditions under which they are made.

Some of the places where you may find free 5-gallon buckets include:

• Sam’s Club.
• Safeway.
• Walmart’s bakery department.
• Kroger’s bakery department.
• Meijer’s bakery department.

Five-gallon buckets make terrific containers for a huge number of vegetables. Not only do they hold just enough potting soil for roots to thrive, but they don’t take up a lot of room on a crowded patio or deck. Using 5-gallon buckets, you can grow as many different vegetables as you’d like.

Even though one might keep their rice & beans in their original packaging (and then kept in food buckets), if you’re looking for optimal successful long term food storage (years) then you will need to remove oxygen from the environment via oxygen absorbers (typically 2000 cc’s per 5-gallon bucket).

Cooked rice that has been allowed to cool then stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator will last from 3 to 6 days. Cooked rice that has cooled and put into an airtight container and stored in the freezer will last around a year.

Put airtight bags and containers in a cool, dry area with good ventilation. Place the airtight bags or containers of rice in a pantry or cupboard—anywhere away from heat or light is a good spot. Make sure the room is air-conditioned or at least has a fan to ensure good air flow.

Flour will last 20-30 years in food grade buckets if kept at the proper temperatures. All long term containers for flour should be stored at between 40 and 70 degrees for optimal shelf life and nutrition. All food storage should be kept between 40 and 70 degrees for optimal shelf life and nutrition.