Q. How is protein manufactured?
The information to produce a protein is encoded in the cell’s DNA. When a protein is produced, a copy of the DNA is made (called mRNA) and this copy is transported to a ribosome. Ribosomes read the information in the mRNA and use that information to assemble amino acids into a protein.
Q. How does the ribosome know which proteins and how does the ribosome make protein?
Transcription of RNA from DNA occurs inside the nucleus of the cell. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) binds with proteins within the cell to form structures called ribosomes, which are the site at which proteins are assembled. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids — the building blocks of proteins — to the ribosomes.
Q. How do ribosomes use RNA to assemble proteins?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
Q. Where does digestion of protein begin?
Protein digestion begins when you first start chewing. There are two enzymes in your saliva called amylase and lipase. They mostly break down carbohydrates and fats. Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases break it down into smaller chains of amino acids.
Q. What do you mean by non reducing sugar?
A nonreducing sugar is a carbohydrate that is not oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent (an oxidizing agent that oxidizes aldehydes but not alcohols, such as the Tollen’s reagent) in basic aqueous solution.
Q. How do you identify a reducing agent?
Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents. Step 1: Plan the problem. Break the reaction down into a net ionic equation and then into half-reactions. The substance that loses electrons is being oxidized and is the reducing agent.
Q. Are Hemiacetals reducing sugars?
This means that the cyclic hemiacetal form of a sugar will produce an equilibrium amount of the open-chain aldehyde form, which will then reduce the copper(II) to copper (I) and give a positive test. A hemiacetal form is thus a reducing sugar.
