So sodium has 11 protons and 11 electrons. The mass number is 23. The number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number. The number of neutrons = 23 – 11 = 12.

11

Almost all sodium on Earth is sodium-23, where the number refers to the 11 protons and 12 neutrons that make up its nucleus. Yet those 23 particles do not encompass all that can or could be sodium. Technically, any nucleus with 11 protons is sodium.

ionic structure

+1

An atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons . Since protons and electrons have equal and opposite charges, this means that atoms are have no overall electrical charge. Every sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. It has 11 positive charges and 11 negative charges.

Electron

A magnesium atom must lose two electrons to have the same number electrons as an atom of the previous noble gas, neon. Thus, a magnesium atom will form a cation with two fewer electrons than protons and a charge of 2+. The symbol for the ion is Mg2+, and it is called a magnesium ion.

Since the energies of the 4s and the 3d electrons in copper is nearly identical, it is also possible to remove both 4s electrons( instead of moving it to a d orbital. This makes the cupric or Cu(II) 2+ ion.

Carbon is a solid and oxygen is a gas; when they combine they become carbon dioxide a gas. Generally, metals on the Periodic Table of the Elements have a positive charge (a positive ion) and the nonmetals have a negative charge (a negative ion). There are several exceptions to this rule.

To find the ionic charge of an element you’ll need to consult your Periodic Table. On the Periodic Table metals (found on the left of the table) will be positive. Non-metals (found on the right) will be negative.

Defining group 4 as the second group in the transition metals: Most transition metals usually have a 2+ ion (with some exceptions not in this group). They may also have different charges, since their missing electrons are in the d-orbital, the atoms have more options as to what will happen.

General properties of the group

Group 4 elements have 4 valence electrons. The non-metals in this family react by gaining 4 extra electrons through the formation of covalent bonds (sharing bonds).

Four covalent bonds. Carbon has four valence electrons and here a valence of four. Each hydrogen atom has one valence electron and is univalent….The number of valence electrons.

Like silicon, germanium is used as a semiconductor, and is widely used in the computer industry. Silicon and germanium are both metalloids, having some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals….Group 4A.

The correct answer of this question is fluorine. Explanation: The tendency of attracting electrons is known as the electronegativity.

Pnictogens

Group 4 is the second group of transition metals in the periodic table. It contains the four elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf). The group is also called the titanium group or titanium family after its lightest member. All the group 4 elements are hard, refractory metals.

Group 2A (or IIA) of the periodic table are the alkaline earth metals: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). In most cases, the alkaline earth metals are ionized to form a 2+ charge.

Hydrogen

uranium

helium

Iron

Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element.

Aluminum

The mass-abundance of the nine most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust is approximately: oxygen 46%, silicon 28%, aluminum 8.3%, iron 5.6%, calcium 4.2%, sodium 2.5%, magnesium 2.4%, potassium 2.0%, and titanium 0.61%.