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The charge is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude and no direction. The charge is just as other fundamental properties of the system like mass. The only difference between mass and charge is that charge is both positive and negative, while mass is always positive.

Every atom has no overall charge (neutral). This is because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons. These opposite charges cancel each other out making the atom neutral.

Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions.

When an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it has an equal number of negative electric charges (the electrons) and positive electric charges (the protons). The total electric charge of the atom is therefore zero and the atom is said to be neutral.

Oxygen has eight protons in its nucleus, and therefore eight electrons. The innermost shell of an atom can have only two electrons. So, here, there six electrons in the outer shell—two short of completion (eight total).

Overview of Atomic Electrical Charges Atoms, the fundamental building blocks of all molecules, consist of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Of these three subatomic particle types, two (protons and electrons) carry a net electric charge, while neutrons are neutral and have no net charge.

An entire atom becomes electrically charged when the number of electrons or protons stops being equal. The “extra” electron or proton isn’t balanced by something inside the atom anymore and begins to be attracted to the protons or electrons in other atoms.

Most electric charge is carried by the electrons and protons within an atom. Electrons are said to carry negative charge, while protons are said to carry positive charge, although these labels are completely arbitrary (more on that later). Conversely, two protons repel each other, as do two electrons.

In direct current (DC), the electric charge (current) only flows in one direction. Electric charge in alternating current (AC), on the other hand, changes direction periodically.

Electric Charge

• protons are positively charged.
• electrons are negatively charged.
• neutrons have zero charge.

Based on the same types of experiments like the one you performed, scientists were able to establish three laws of electrical charges: Opposite charges attract each other. Like charges repel each other. Charged objects attract neutral objects.

Electric charge is a basic property of electrons, protons and other subatomic particles. Electrons are negatively charged while protons are positively charged. Things that have the same charge push each other away (they repel each other).

Electron

Atoms are neutral if they have the same number of charged protons and electrons, balancing positive and negative charges. As long as the numbers of electron and protons are the same, the charges will balance. Sometimes atoms are more stable though when they are not perfectly electrically neutral.

There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the nuclei of atoms.

An electrical charge is created when electrons are transferred to or removed from an object. Because electrons have a negative charge, when they are added to an object, it becomes negatively charged. When electrons are removed from an object, it becomes positively charged.

Some examples of charged objects are free electrons floating around, Proton career bulbs, glowing tungsten, lithium ion battery, Magnetic parts, horseshoe magnet, u shaped magnets, protons. Objects can be charged by the process of conduction or convection.

Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract. Thus, two negative charges repel one another, while a positive charge attracts a negative charge. The attraction or repulsion acts along the line between the two charges. The size of the force is proportional to the value of each charge.

Insulators: materials that do NOT allow electrons to flow through them easily. Insulators can be easily charged by friction as the extra electrons gained CANNOT easily escape.

Some insulating materials become electrically charged when they are rubbed together. A substance that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, while a substance that loses electrons becomes positively charged.

Answer: No,all objects does not gets charged by rubbing. Since rubbing is the process in which one body transferred its own charge to other body but the required condition is that both the body posses a property known as electro-static(Charge at rest).

Precipitation static is an electrical charge on an airplane caused by flying through rain, snow, ice, or dust particles. When the aircraft charge is great enough, it discharges into the surrounding air.