Reference works include dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, catalogs such as library catalogs and art catalogs, concordances, directories such as business directories and telephone directories, discographies, filmographies, glossaries, handbooks, indices such as …

TYPES OF DICTIONARY:

• Bilingual Dictionary.
• Monolingual Dictionary.
• Etymological Dictionary.
• Crossword Dictionary.
• Rhyming Dictionary.
• Mini-Dictionary.
• Pocket Dictionary.
• Thesaurus.

Use reference books (also called reference or background sources, or resources) to get quick specific facts or information or an overview of a subject. Some examples of reference sources are: dictionaries, encyclopedias, bibliographies, almanacs, directories, atlases, and handbooks.

The distinction between a dictionary and an encyclopaedia is easy to state but difficult to carry out in a practical way: a dictionary explains words, whereas an encyclopaedia explains things.

Generally speaking, dictionaries provide linguistic information about words themselves, while encyclopedias focus more on the thing for which those words stand. Thus, while dictionary entries are inextricably fixed to the word described, encyclopedia articles can be given a different entry name.

four types

Always cite Britannica as your source when you use information from it in a report or research paper. A citation in three different formats is generated for you automatically when you view an article.

Encyclopedias are great as sources of background information. Any time you use an external source, whether it’s a research article, a website, a tweet, or an encyclopedia article, you’ll need to cite it. So, if you have used information from an encyclopedia, you must provide a citation and reference.

In almost all cases, Wikipedia was more left-leaning than Britannica. In other words, for articles of the same length, Wikipedia is as middle-of-the-road as Britannica. “If you read 100 words of a Wikipedia article, and 100 words of a Britannica [article], you will find no significant difference in bias,” says Zhu.

Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time. This means that any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism, a work in progress, or just plain wrong. Wikipedia generally uses reliable secondary sources, which vet data from primary sources. …

No, the Encyclopedia Britannica is a tertiary source. An encyclopedia references information without any analysis or opinion, therefore, it is a tertiary source. Nevertheless, depending on the scope of your research, encyclopedias can be referenced as primary sources.

These are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or digest other sources. Some reference materials and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information.

The first edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica was a secondary source when first published in 1768; but today it is a primary source to historians.

Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses based on primary sources. For example, an autobiography is a primary source while a biography is a secondary source.

A primary source gives you direct access to the subject of your research. Secondary sources provide second-hand information and commentary from other researchers. Examples include journal articles, reviews, and academic books. A secondary source describes, interprets, or synthesizes primary sources.

Some examples of primary source formats include: archives and manuscript material. photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, films. journals, letters and diaries.

Primary sources may include diaries, letters, interviews, oral histories, photographs, newspaper articles, government documents, poems, novels, plays, and music. The collection and analysis of primary sources is central to historical research.

Published materials can be viewed as primary resources if they come from the time period that is being discussed, and were written or produced by someone with firsthand experience of the event. Often primary sources reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer.

Primary sources are documents, images or artifacts that provide firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning an historical topic under research investigation. Primary sources are original documents created or experienced contemporaneously with the event being researched.

Charts and graphs created by military or other government sources can tell historians what information officials had at the time when they were making critical decisions.

You should always try to read and cite the original work (the primary source). If it is not possible to do this, you have to cite the original as contained in the secondary source. Your in-text citation should include both authors: the author(s) of the original source and the author(s) of the secondary source.

What is an indirect citation or secondary source?

1. Include both the original author and the author of the work where quote/idea was found in the in-text reference.
2. Add “as cited in” before the author in the in-text reference.

For sources with three to five authors, list all the authors the first time, and use “et al.” only in subsequent citations. For sources with six or more authors, use “et al.” from the first citation.

Answer: Ideally, you should read the original or primary source that author S (your secondary source) has cited in his paper before you use it. But in this case, the authors that S has cited are also not the primary source, since they have also taken the idea from other multiple sources.