In humans, caffeine does not present any teratogenic risk. The increased risk of the most common congenital malformations entailed by moderate consumption of caffeine is very slight.
Q. What are teratogens in pregnancy?
A teratogen is any agent that causes an abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy. Teratogens are usually discovered after an increased prevalence of a particular birth defect. For example, in the early 1960’s, a drug known as thalidomide was used to treat morning sickness.
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Q. What are 2 common teratogens?
Teratogenic agents include infectious agents (rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella, herpes simplex, toxoplasma, syphilis, etc.); physical agents (ionizing agents, hyperthermia); maternal health factors (diabetes, maternal PKU); environmental chemicals (organic mercury compounds, polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB.
Q. Is stress a teratogen?
Maternal psychological stress has essentially been conceptualized as a teratogen, that is, an agent that can generate deleterious perinatal and/or developmental outcomes.
Q. Is crying during pregnancy bad?
Pregnancy can make you an emotional wreck, but you’re not alone. Rest assured that crying spells are perfectly normal, and this part of pregnancy probably isn’t anything to worry about.
Q. What foods are high in hCG?
Nonstarchy Vegetables Lettuce, celery, cabbage, cucumbers, onions, and tomatoes. Lean Meat Chicken breast, lean ground beef, shrimp, lobster, and white fish.
Q. What is considered a low hCG level?
An hCG level of less than 5 mIU/mL is considered negative for pregnancy, and anything above 25 mIU/mL is considered positive for pregnancy. An hCG level between 6 and 24 mIU/mL is considered a grey area, and you’ll likely need to be retested to see if your levels rise to confirm a pregnancy.
Q. What is a normal hCG level for 8 weeks pregnant?
Standard hCG levels
| Pregnancy week | Standard hCG range |
|---|---|
| 5 weeks | 18–7,340 mIU/mL |
| 6 weeks | 1,080–56,500 mIU/mL |
| 7–8 weeks | 7,650–229,000 mIU/mL |
| 9–12 weeks | 25,700–288,000 mIU/mL |
Q. Can hCG determine gender?
Hormone differences for baby boys and girls Studies have shown hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin, the hormone responsible for the second line appearing on a home pregnancy test) is higher for female fetuses compared with males, and remains higher throughout pregnancy. Some studies only report this later in pregnancy.
