Definition of electric field The electric field E ⃗ /vec E E E, with, vector, on top is a vector quantity that exists at every point in space. The electric field at a location indicates the force that would act on a unit positive test charge if placed at that location.

Electric field strength is a vector quantity; it has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of the electric field strength is defined in terms of how it is measured.

Electric field intensity is a vector quantity. Its direction is same as that of the force on a unit positive test charge.

Electric field intensity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.

Electric current is a scalar quantity. Any physical quantity is termed as a vector quantity when the quantity has magnitude and direction. Therefore, an electric current is a scalar quantity although it possesses magnitude and direction.

Note: Current is a vector because it has a magnitude and a direction. But the thing is a vector always obeys the law of addition of vectors. Since current doesn’t obey it and it follows algebraic addition, currents are scalar.

Also, we know that work is a dot product of vectors force and the displacement. Since, the dot product is a scalar quantity. So, work is a scalar quantity, it has only magnitude not direction.

For example, displacement, velocity, and acceleration are vector quantities, while speed (the magnitude of velocity), time, and mass are scalars. To qualify as a vector, a quantity having magnitude and direction must also obey certain rules of combination.

Angular momentum is a vector quantity, requiring the specification of both a magnitude and a direction for its complete description.

Work is a measurement of energy, so it may seem odd to think that a work can be negative — but it can! Work is how much energy is done by a force over a distance. If you try to stop the net from moving, you will apply a force in the opposite direction that the net is moving. …

Zero work is done when the displacement of a body is zero or perpendicular (θ=900,cosθ=0) to the direction of force applied, then work done is zero. Thus, the force applied and the displacement are in perpendicular directions. So, the work done is zero.

If the force and the displacement are in opposite directions, then the work is said to be negative. For example if a ball is thrown in upwards direction, its displacement would be in upwards direction but the force due to earth’s gravity is in the downward direction.

When the force makes an angle with the direction of force the component of force along the direction of displacement is taken. If the force is perpendicular to the direction of displacement, work done is zero. When the displacement opposite to the direction of force, work is negative.

Zero work is defined when force and displacement are perpendicular to one another and when force or displacement is zero. Example: The force acts in a downward direction, When displacement operates in the forward direction. If you push a wall, it doesn’t move there’s no work done.

Work is done whenever a force or a component of a force results in a displacement. No component of the force is acting in the direction of motion when the book is moved horizontally with a constant velocity. The force and the displacement are independent. No work is done by the hand on the book.

Work done is zero when the force is perpendicular to the displacement. It can also be zero if either the force or the displacement are zero.

Work done is said to be zero when force applying to the body is zero or the Displacement done by body pic zero. if the value that means force acting on body is perpendicular then the force acting will be equals to zero.

Negative work follows when the force has a component opposite or against the displacement. Negative work removes or dissipates energy from the system. Two examples: In pulling a box of books along a rough floor at constant velocity, I do positive work on the box, that is I put energy into the system.

Work Done by Gravity Formulas – Gravitational Force So if an object is moving in horizontal direction on the surface of earth, then work done by gravity is ‘zero’. Example: Therefore, the work done by gravity is 490 J.

Though gravity holds planets, stars, solar systems and even galaxies together, it turns out to be the weakest of the fundamental forces, especially at the molecular and atomic scales.

Work done under gravity is negative or positive depending on the direction in which the body is moving. If the body moves downward,Work done is positive ,if it moves upward the work done is against the gravity and is negative..

Once you are moving the same speed as the wind, it is no longer applying any force to you, because you are at rest with respect to the wind. When you say that the acceleration caused by braking a car is “negative”, what you really mean is that its direction is opposite to the direction of motion.

When a constant braking force is applied to a vehicle moving at speed v, the distance d moved by the vehicle in coming to rest is given by the expression d = kv2. where k is a constant. When d is measured in metres and v is measured in metres per second, the constant has a value of k1.

Answer: The average braking force is 2000 N. Answer: The average braking force is 2000 N.

The stopping distance depends on factors including road surface, and reflexes of the car’s driver and it is denoted by d. A car is moving with a velocity of 40 m/s and suddenly applies brakes….Solution:

Explanation: an external force is required to stop a moving object because the external force creates a sort of friction or a blockage for the moving object helping it to stop.

Force used to stop the bus = mass of the bus in kg× deceleration = 5000 kg× – 2 m/s² = – 10,000 N.