Photosynthesis is neither aerobic, nor anaerobic – it’s in it’s own special category. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration are both used to produce ATP. However, while aerobic respiration occurs in most cells, anaerobic respiration occurs in bacteria, yeasts, and some prokaryotes.

Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen. Plant cells do not have mitochondria and therefore cannot respire using aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, therefore plants do experience anaerobic respiration.

Anaerobic photosynthesis, also known as anoxygenic photosynthesis, is the process by which certain bacteria use light energy to create organic compounds but do not produce oxygen.

oxidative phosphorylation

The two stages of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions). Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH.

The main functions of stomata are: Gaseous exchange- Stomatal opening and closure help in the gaseous exchange between the plant and surrounding. Stomata facilitate carbon dioxide uptake and release of oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.

Role of Stomata in Photosynthesis Stomata control the flow of gases in and out of leaves. During the day, when air temperatures rise and carbon dioxide levels are normal or above normal, the stomata open, allowing carbon dioxide to enter and photosynthesis to take place.

Stomata are small holes on the underside of the leaf that let gases diffuse in and out (the singular of stomata is stoma). This is important part of the plant during photosynthesis as Carbon dioxide is absorbed, Oxygen is released and water vapour is diffused out.

Plants get the carbon dioxide they need from the air through their leaves. It moves by diffusion through small holes in the underside of the leaf called stomata . These let carbon dioxide reach the other cells in the leaf, and also let the oxygen produced in photosynthesis leave the leaf easily.

They are pores surrounded by specialized parenchymatic cells, called guard cells. Stomata have two main functions, namely they allow for gas exchange acting as an entryway for carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing the Oxygen (O2) that we breath. The other main function is regulating water movement through transpiration.

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.