Common subordinating conjunctions used to introduce adverb clauses of condition are: if, unless, whether, provided that, on condition that and so long as. If it rains, we will not go out. She will come if you invite her. You won’t pass unless you work hard.

Unless is a subordinating conjunction. Here is how we use it correctly. Unless means ‘except if’. We use unless to say that there may be an exception and that this exception will change the situation.

I looked up unless in an online dictionary and discovered that it can additionally be used as a preposition in the sense of “except for”, but again that would not seem to apply to this sentence as disciplined is an adjective.

Without is a preposition. It cannot be used as a conjunction. Unless is a conjunction.

As you probably already know, “if” is conditional. It is used to describe a possible situation, and what would happen under the conditions of that situation. “Unless” is also conditional, but it is effectively “if” with an extra exclusion or negative qualifier added. Unless basically means “except if” or “if… not”.

While the meaning of these words is similar, there is a difference in how we use them. Although and even though are conjunctions. They have the same meaning. Even though is a little stronger than although.

Unless sentence example

• I don’t want you to give that number to anyone unless it’s an emergency, you understand?
• They wouldn’t all be there unless something terrible had happened.
• Not unless he’s willing to make a deal with me.
• Unless we know where to look, we won’t find where his base is.

The words unless and until are often used together but their meanings are different, and often confused. Unless refers to a condition not being met while until refers to a time threshold not being crossed.

Until is a preposition and a conjunction. Until is often shortened to till or ’til. Until as a preposition means ‘up to (the time that)’: … Until as a conjunction. We use until as a subordinating conjunction to connect an action or an event to a point in time: …

Until indicates when something will happen, begin, or end. Till means the same thing as until. Till is not an abbreviation of until—it’s actually older than until—and it should not be written with an apostrophe.

Adding the “after” clarifies that the “until” refers to the end of that event: We will be frantically cleaning until after the party. In your example, what is being said is that the sun rising happens after dawn.

Until, which means up to, generally includes the specified moment. The kidnappers have given us until October 11th to deliver the documents. “until” doesn’t really work in that context at all.

Answer: The phrase “until when” can be used only in questions concerning duration, such as “Until when do we have to remain quiet?” or “Until when do the trumpets hold that note?” It means that the end point of an action or condition is in question. It does not apply to the start or inception of an action or condition.

Until (conjunction) Until means ‘up to the event mentioned’. I’ll stay here until you come back. We have to wait until he arrives. We do not use will after until when speaking about the future.

In English, we use since to refer to a point of time. Since can refer to a point after a specific time or event in the past. Or it can refer to a particular point beginning sometime in the past and continuing until the present time.

We use the Past tense after “since” when we refer to a point in time in the past, and we use the Present Perfect after “since” when we refer to a period of time from the past until the present.

Since is used in a variety of different ways, both with the present perfect and with other tenses. When it is used as a preposition to introduce a date or a specific time in the past, it is normally used with present perfect and past perfect tenses.

“Had been” is used to mean that something happened in the past and has already ended. “Have been” and “has been” are used to mean that something began in the past and has lasted into the present time.