You may have noticed that a few languages spoken on the European continent are not included in the Indo-European family of languages. Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian belong to the Uralic (also called Finno-Ugric) family, and Basque (spoken in the Pyrenees region) has no genetic relation to any other language.

Let’s see… 1) Hebrew 2) Japanese 3) Persian/Farsi (I know it’s an Indo-European language but still ^^) 4) Mandarin Chinese 5) Nahuatl.

A language isolate is a language that is unrelated to any others, which makes it the only language in its own language family. It is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or “genetic”) relationships—one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language.

The largest religion in Europe is Christianity, but irreligion and practical secularisation are strong. Three countries in Southeastern Europe have Muslim majorities….Eurobarometer survey 2019.

A 2015 analysis of the European Values Study in the Handbook of Children and Youth Studies identified a “dramatic decline” in religious affiliation across Europe from 1981 to 2008, however, according to the same analysis “the majority of young respondents in Europe claimed that they belonged to a Christian denomination …

According to sociologist Phil Zuckerman, broad estimates of those who have an absence of belief in a god range from 500 to 750 million people worldwide….By population as of 2004.

The three major religions in Europe are Christianity, unaffiliated and Islam. Overall in Europe 47 percent of Christians are Roman Catholic, 18 percent are Protestants, and 35 percent are Orthodox (Rubenstein 2019, p. 140). Christians comprise of 51% of the population (Pew Research Center 2018).

leader Charles Martel

Uthman reigned for twelve years as a caliph. During the first half of his reign, he was the most popular caliph among all the Rashiduns, while in the latter half of his reign he met increasing opposition, led by the Egyptians and concentrated around Ali, who would albeit briefly, succeed Uthman as caliph.

Iran

Most of the 15 to 20 million Saudi citizens are Sunni Muslims, while the eastern regions are populated mostly by Twelver Shia, and there are Zaydi Shia in the southern regions.

Sunnis are the more dominant form of Islam – at least 80 per cent of Muslims worldwide. Some Sunni dominated countries include Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey and Syria (see more on Syria, below). However, Shia Muslims are the majority in some other countries such as Iran, Iraq, and more recently, Lebanon.