The axons of many neurons, like the one shown here, are covered with a fatty layer called myelin sheath. The sheath covers the axon, like the plastic covering on an electrical wire, and allows nerve impulses to travel faster along the axon.

In the brain, the insulin receptor is broadly expressed in regions including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, all of which are involved in the metabolic control of insulin action, including feeding behavior, body weight homeostasis, neuronal development and cognitive function [3], [5].

Oxytocin: This powerful hormone acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. It is produced by the hypothalamus and plays a role in social recognition, bonding, and sexual reproduction.

There are basically two major types of nerves: sensory and motor. Sensory nerves send information such as touch, temperature, and pain to the brain and spinal cord. Motor nerves send signals from the brain back into the muscles, causing them to contract either voluntarily or reflexively.

Spinal nerves connect the brain with the nerves in most parts of the body.

The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The nervous system is the most complex and highly organized body system. It receives information from the sensory organs via nerves, transmits the information through the spinal cord, and processes it in the brain.

The nervous system controls everything you do, including breathing, walking, thinking, and feeling. This system is made up of your brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves of your body. The nerves carry the messages to and from the body, so the brain can interpret them and take action.

Follow the prevention guidelines below to keep your body and nervous system healthy:

• Exercise regularly.
• Do not smoke or use other tobacco products.
• Get plenty of rest.
• Take care of health conditions that may cause decreased nervous system functioning, such as:
• Eat a balanced diet.

Steps to keep your central nervous system healthy

1. Step 1: Exercise on a daily basis.
2. Step 2: Get plenty of sleep.
3. Step 3: Expose your body to sunlight.
4. Step 4: Add meditation in your daily routine.
5. Step 5: Walk barefoot.
6. Step 6: Drink green tea.
7. Step 7: Food you eat matters.

Nerves: Bananas are high in B vitamins, which help calm the nervous system.

Nutritional deficiencies. Deficiencies of certain nutrients, including vitamins B6 and B12, may produce symptoms of nerve pain and nerve damage, including weakness or burning sensations. Nutritional deficiencies that cause nerve damage may also result from excessive alcohol ingestion or develop after gastric surgery.

Peripheral neuropathy, a result of damage to the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves), often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in your hands and feet. It can also affect other areas of your body.

When one of your nerves is cut or damaged, it will try to repair itself. The nerve fibres (axons) shrink back and ‘rest’ for about a month; then they begin to grow again. Axons will regenerate about 1mm per day.

Treatment options typically focus on pain relief and treating the underlying cause. However, studies show that exercise can effectively preserve nerve function and promote nerve regeneration.