Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs. Contains inner membranes arranged in stacks of membranous sacs called grana. Lysomes. Digest excess or worn-out cell part, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria.

vacuoles

Inside the cell there is a large fluid-filled space called the cytoplasm, sometimes called the cytosol. In eukaryotes, the cytosol is the “soup” within which all of the cell’s organelles reside. It is also the home of the cytoskeleton.

Mitochondria

Organelles. Everything inside the cell including the nucleus. Nucleolus. Site where ribosomes are made.

The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, or ATP, is the most abundant energy carrier molecule in cells. This molecule is made of a nitrogen base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The word adenosine refers to the adenine plus the ribose sugar.

The types of cells in the body that I would expect to require the most ATP are muscle cells. Muscle cells require larger amounts of ATP. They are responsible for all of our movements. Most of the energy burned during your day is through movement of your body by skeletal muscles.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.

Without a proton gradient, protons will not flow through ATP synthase, hence no ATP will be produced. Oligomycin, on the other hand, acts to inhibit ATP synthase, which means that ATP will not be able to be produced.

Among those, Complex V (also known as the F1F0 ATP Synthase or ATPase) is responsible for the generation of ATP through phosphorylation of ADP by using electrochemical energy generated by proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria.

ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP making ATP. The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well as in some bacteria.

The ATP synthase molecules are the only place that H+ can diffuse back to the matrix. The exergonic flow of H+ is used by the enzyme to generate ATP. How does the electron transport chain pump protons? Certain members of the electron transport chain accept and release H+ along with electrons.

Enzyme that synthesizes ATP. ATP is mainly produced in the mitochondria and is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). You just studied 26 terms!

water. ADP. are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis. provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.