Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. If lava cools almost instantly, the rocks that form are glassy with no individual crystals, like obsidian.

Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust. They have large crystals. Extrusive igneous rocks cool from lava rapidly at the surface.

Physical Properties of Quartz Quartz occurs in virtually every color. Common colors are clear, white, gray, purple, yellow, brown, black, pink, green, red.

sedimentary rock

The name for talc, a sheer white mineral, is derived from the Greek word talq, which means “pure.” It is the softest rock on earth.

Mechanical weathering, also called physical weathering and disaggregation, causes rocks to crumble. Water, in either liquid or solid form, is often a key agent of mechanical weathering. For instance, liquid water can seep into cracks and crevices in rock. If temperatures drop low enough, the water will freeze.

It does not involve the removal of rock material. There are three types of weathering, physical, chemical and biological.

Trees put down roots through joints or cracks in the rock in order to find moisture. As the tree grows, the roots gradually prize the rock apart. Many animals, such as these Piddock shells, bore into rocks for protection either by scraping away the grains or secreting acid to dissolve the rock.

Oxidation is the reaction of rock minerals with oxygen, thus changing the mineral composition of the rock. When minerals in rock oxidize, they become less resistant to weathering. Iron, a commonly known mineral, becomes red or rust colored when oxidized.

Oxidation and hydration: Oxidation produces iron oxide minerals (hematite and limonite) in well aerated soils, usually in the presence of water. Pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, pyrite, and olivine are most susceptible to oxidation because they have high iron content.

Answer: Oxidation is the reaction of rock minerals with oxygen, thus changing the mineral composition of the rock. Carbonation is the process of rock minerals reacting with carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is formed when water combines with carbon dioxide.

Carbonation is a chemical process where the main reactant is the carbon dioxide gas which mainly produces different carbon substances such as carbonates, bicarbonates and carbonic acids. Solution is a mixture of two different substances which are able to completely or partially mix with each other.

As nouns the difference between solution and hydration is that solution is a homogeneous mixture, which may be liquid, gas or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances while hydration is (chemistry) the incorporation of water molecules into a complex with those of another compound.

Carbonation is the process in which atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to solution weathering. Carbonation takes place when rain combines with carbon dioxide to form a weak carbonic acid which reacts with calcium carbonate (the limestone) and forms calcium bicarbonate.