Mixtures of many metallic elements are called alloys. Examples of alloys are steel and bronze.

Some of the groups have widely-used common names, including the alkali metals (Group 1) and the alkaline earth metals (Group 2) on the far left, and the halogens (Group 17) and the noble gases (Group 18) on the far right. The elements can be broadly divided into metals, nonmetals, and semimetals.

In chemistry, a metal is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals.

They are grouped together because they have similar chemical properties. They, along with the actinides, are often called “the f-elements” because they have valence electrons in the f shell.

Groups 13–16 of the periodic table contain one or more metalloids, in addition to metals, nonmetals, or both. Group 13 is called the boron group, and boron is the only metalloid in this group. The other group 13 elements are metals.

The group 13 elements consist of six elements. They are boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), Indium (In), thallium (Tl), and element 113. The commonest property of the group is that each one of the elements has three electrons in the outer shell of their nuclear structure.

Noble gas

The noble gases (Group 18) are located in the far right of the periodic table and were previously referred to as the “inert gases” due to the fact that their filled valence shells (octets) make them extremely nonreactive.

Noble gases are relatively inert and nonreactive due to their full outer shell of electrons. Having a full valence shell of 8 electrons means that the atom is already in its most stable state, and thus, there is no need for the atom to lose or gain electrons.

Noble gases