It consists of tiny particles, the atoms, just like every other substance on earth. One of these atoms is called hydrogen and the other is called oxygen. One particle of water is called a molecule. When lots of water molecules melt together we can see the water and drink it or use it, for instance to flush a toilet.

Everything is made of atoms. An atom is the smallest particle of an element, like oxygen or hydrogen. Atoms join together to form molecules. A water molecule has three atoms: two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom.

Particles in a: gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.

Solids are defined by the following characteristics:

• definite shape (rigid)
• definite volume.
• particles vibrate around fixed axes.

Something is usually described as a solid if it can hold its own shape and is hard to compress (squash). The particles in most solids are closely packed together. Even though the particles are locked into place and cannot move or slide past each other, they still vibrate a tiny bit.

Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, Gases

• strong intermolecular forces.
• particles vibrate in place.
• low kinetic energy (KE)
• definite shape.
• definite volume.
• incompressible.
• high density (as compared to same substance as a liquid or gas)
• low rate of diffusion (millions of times slower than in liquids)

What Are Five Properties of Gases?

• Low Density. Gases contain scattered molecules that are dispersed across a given volume and are therefore less dense than in their solid or liquid states.
• Indefinite Shape or Volume. Gases have no definite shape or volume.
• Compressibility and Expandability.
• Diffusivity.
• Pressure.

Solid are characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does expands to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas .

A solid has a definite shape and does not change easily. For example, wood, plastic, rocks or steel would be considered solids. The molecules of a liquid move freely past each other. Liquids flow or pour, and must be kept in containers, take the shape of the container, and have a flat level surface.

Solid: Matters which have fixed volume and shape are called solids. For example – stone, wood, brick, ice, sugar, salt, coal, etc. All metals are solid except mercury and gallium….Properties of solids

• Solid has fixed volume.
• Solid has fixed shape.
• Solid has high density.
• Solids are heavy.
• Solid does not flow.

Liquids have the following characteristics:

• No definite shape (takes the shape of its container).
• Has definite volume.
• Particles are free to move over each other, but are still attracted to each other.

A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape.

Liquids will flow and fill the lowest portion of a container, taking on the shape of the container but not changing in volume. The limited amount of space between particles means that liquids have only very limited compressibility.

Answer: The forces between liquid particles are weaker than the forces between solid particles. This means that liquid particles are further apart and can move about more easily. Since the particles can move, the liquid can flow and take the shape of its container.

Answer: The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Water, gasoline, and other liquids that flow freely have a low viscosity.

Liquid – In a liquid, particles will flow or glide over one another, but stay toward the bottom of the container. The attractive forces between particles are strong enough to hold a specific volume but not strong enough to keep the molecules sliding over each other.

Liquids do not have definite shape, but they do have definite mass and volume. Liquids are similar to solids because their atoms are close together, but what makes a liquid different is that those atoms can move around.

An apple is one example of a solid.

Matter

There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates.

The critical temperature under which a BEC forms is very close to the absolute zero. Getting into direct contact with extremelly cold things can seriously injure or even kill. But BEC is practically not dangerous. The process of cooling discards the majority of the particless.

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.