Conflict and Abuses in Darfur, Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile. Although in July Sudan extended its unilateral ceasefire in conflict zones until the end of the year, its forces, including the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, attacked over a dozen villages in the Jebel Mara region of Darfur between March and May.

The first genocide of the 21st century, the Darfur genocide has caused the deaths of approximately 400,000 Darfuris, and displaced more than three million people.

Conflict between pastoralists and sedentary farmers, caused in part by environmental pressures and changing land ownership patterns, was an important cause of the Darfur violence.

The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur’s non-Arabs. The other side is made up of rebel groups, notably the SLM/A and the JEM, recruited primarily from the non-Arab Muslim Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit ethnic groups.

2018. Although violence is still occurring in Darfur, it is at a low level and the region is increasingly stable. The UNAMID forces are exiting as there had been a reduction to the number of troops deployed in the field in Darfur, Sudan.

The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the Sudanese government’s disregard for the western region and its non-Arab population.

1983 – 2005

Civil war was sparked in 1983 when the military regime tried to impose sharia law as part of its overall policy to “Islamicize” all of Sudan. Beginning in 1983, the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) led insurrections in the south, a region dominated by Animists and Christians.

Oil has long been one of the central drivers of conflict between the two Sudans. After independence, that conflict was heightened since about 75 percent of Sudan’s oil is produced below the border that now separates the two countries, leaving the North with greatly reduced revenues.

land of the blacks

Most Sudanese Arabs are descended from culturally and linguistically Arabized or assimilated indigenous Nubian, and Cushitic peoples of Sudan (predominantly from the Beja people and Nubian people who have a historical Pre-Arab connection to Egypt) with the addition of varying cases of distant admixture with Arabs of …

From 1924 until independence in 1956, the British had a policy of running Sudan as two essentially separate territories; the north and south. The assassination of a Governor-General of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in Cairo was the causative factor; it brought demands of the newly elected Wafd government from colonial forces.

Republic of South Sudan

South Sudan

Literacy, health care and food security are all causes of poverty in South Sudan. South Sudan is a vast landlocked country but the population suffers from a lack of developed cities. Eighty-three percent of the 11 million people in South Sudan reside in rural areas without access to many basic necessities.

Lack of access to employment is arguably the single greatest cause of rural poverty. In 1999, over 51% of the rural African workforce was unemployed, versus 43% for Africans in urban areas. Rural poverty is however aggravated by lack of access to productive resources.