Elements in different groups are lumped together in one of three classes, depending on their properties. The classes are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Elements are composed of only 1 type of atoms and any subdivision can only result in same element. All the atoms of an element have the same properties (assuming they are the same isotope). Some examples are iron, magnesium, gold, etc. Compounds are composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

The elements can also be divided into two main groups, the metals and the non-metals. Metals are typically have a metallic sheen (shiny) are malleable (bendable) and conduct electricity. Nonmetals typically do not show these properties.

Pure Element Examples

• Hydrogen (H) – nonmetal.
• Helium (He) – nonmetal.
• Oxygen (O) – nonmetal.
• Neon (Ne) – nonmetal.
• Nitrogen (N) – nonmetal.
• Carbon (C) – reactive nonmetal.
• Silicon (Si) – metalloid.
• Magnesium (Mg) – alkaline earth metal.

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Aluminum = The British pronunciation is a tongue twister. It comes easier after a few tries. But, then you’re in danger of forgetting how to say it in American-English. There’s a second “i” in the British form of the word, aluminium, hence the extra syllable.

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Aluminum originates from bauxite, an ore typically found in the topsoil of various tropical and subtropical regions. Once mined, aluminum within the bauxite ore is chemically extracted into alumina, an aluminum oxide compound, through the Bayer process.

A small amount of the aluminum you breathe will enter your body through your lungs. A very small amount of the aluminum in food or water will enter your body through the digestive tract. An extremely small amount of the aluminum found in antacids will be absorbed.

World primary estimated aluminum production totaled just over 64.4 million tonnes in 2019. China was the world’s largest producer with 36 million tonnes, followed by India, Russia, and Canada.

Aluminium is more reactive than carbon so it must be extracted from its compounds using electrolysis . Even though aluminium is more abundant than iron in the Earth’s crust , aluminium is more expensive than iron. This is mainly because of the large amounts of electrical energy used in the extraction process.

Frustrated, Napoleon III had his supply of aluminum melted down and pressed into cutlery. Two years after this, it was discovered by Karl Bayer that aluminum oxide could be made very cheaply from bauxite. As a result of both of these things, the price of aluminum plummeted by 80% overnight.

Aluminum is about one-third the weight of steel, meaning parts can be made thicker and stronger while still reducing weight in vehicles and other applications. Depending on the alloy and processing technique used, pound for pound aluminum can be forged to be just as strong if not stronger than some steel.

In raw materials costs, aluminium is about three times more expensive than steel, while in terms of conversion costs it is about twice as expensive, MIT said. And in assembly costs, aluminium was 20-30% more expensive than steel.

tungsten

Osmium

Mercury

liquid hydrogen

Pure gallium is not a harmful substance for humans to touch. It has been handled many times only for the simple pleasure of watching it melt by the heat emitted from a human hand. Although it is not harmful in small amounts, gallium should not be purposefully consumed in large doses.