There are three broad categories of ecosystems based on their general environment: freshwater, ocean water, and terrestrial. Within these broad categories are individual ecosystem types based on the organisms present and the type of environmental habitat.

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory views child development as a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of family and school to broad cultural values, laws, and customs.

(Biology) ecology a system involving the interactions between a community of living organisms in a particular area and its nonliving environment. [C20: from eco(logy) + system]

The ecological systems theory holds that we encounter different environments throughout our lifespan that may influence our behavior in varying degrees. These systems include the micro system, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macro system, and the chronosystem.

Types of Ecology

• Microbial Ecology. Microbial ecology looks at the smallest fundamental levels of life, that is, the cellular level.
• Organism/Behavioural Ecology.
• Population Ecology.
• Community Ecology.
• Ecosystem Ecology.
• Global Ecology (Biosphere)
• It helps in environmental conservation.
• Ensures proper resource allocation.

Ecology is defined as the branch of science that studies how people or organisms relate to each other and their environment. An example of ecology is studying the food chain in a wetlands area. The branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other.

These levels are organism, population, community, and ecosystem. In ecology, ecosystems are composed of dynamically-interacting parts, which include organisms, the communities they comprise, and the non-living (abiotic) components of their environment.

Eugene Odum: The father of modern ecology.

Ramdeo Misra

1. Introduction. The term “ecology” was coined by the German zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, in 1866 to describe the “economies” of living forms.

“Ecology” is a term derived from Greek meaning learning about (“logos”) the ecosystems, where “eco” comes from the Greek word “oikos” meaning “household” (Odum and Barrett 2005) – in other words, learning about the life of populations.

The word ecology was coined by the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel, who applied the term oekologie to the “relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic environment.” The word comes from the Greek oikos, meaning “household,” “home,” or “place to live.” Thus, ecology deals with the organism and its …

Ecology was originally defined in the mid-19th century, when biology was a vastly different discipline than it is today. The original definition is from Ernst Haeckel, who defined ecology as the study of the relationship of organisms with their environment.

Why is ecology important? Ecology enriches our world and is crucial for human wellbeing and prosperity. It provides new knowledge of the interdependence between people and nature that is vital for food production, maintaining clean air and water, and sustaining biodiversity in a changing climate.

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment. The distribution and abundance of organisms on Earth is shaped by both biotic, living-organism-related, and abiotic, nonliving or physical, factors.

Branches of Ecology

• Terrestrial Ecology.
• Aquatic Ecology.
• Microbial Ecology.
• Systems Ecology.
• Taxonomic Ecology.
• Evolutionary Ecology.
• Population Ecology.
• Behavioral Ecology.

The different types of ecology include- molecular ecology, organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, global ecology, landscape ecology and ecosystem ecology.

The subject of ecology is become very vast and include wide range of concepts derived from various disciplines and involves new and new dimensions. This Preprint highlights the 50+ branches of Ecology. be divided into many sub-disciplines using various criteria.

Ecology is the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment. An ecosystem is a place, such as a rotting log, a forest, or even a schoolyard, where interactions between living and non-living things occur.

Ecosystems are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists. Some examples of abiotic factors are water, soil, air, sunlight, temperature, and minerals.

Ecology and ecosystem describe the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors in an environmental system. Ecology is the study of ecosystems. Ecosystem describes the relationship of the mass of living organisms, which belong to same or different communities.

The different types of the ecosystem include:

• Terrestrial ecosystem.
• Forest ecosystem.
• Grassland ecosystem.
• Desert ecosystem.
• Tundra ecosystem.
• Freshwater ecosystem.
• Marine ecosystem.

A commonly cited broad definition states that a healthy ecosystem has three attributes: productivity, resilience, and. “organization” (including biodiversity).