Think of pharmacokinetics as a drug’s journey through the body, during which it passes through four different phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

The pharmaceutic phase (dissolution) is the first phase of drug action. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, drugs need to be in solution so they can be absorbed. A drug in solid form (tablet or capsule) must disintegrate into small particles to dissolve into a liquid, a process known as dissolution.

is that pharmacology is (medicine) the science that studies the effects of chemical compounds on living animals, especially the science of the manufacture, use and effects of medicinal drugs while pharmacotherapy is (medicine) the use of pharmaceuticals to treat disease.

A pharmacotherapist is almost always a pharmacist who is highly trained in the treatment of disease with medications. Often, these healthcare professionals make clinical observations and incorporates them with information gained from other healthcare providers to optimize therapeutic decisions.

Pharmacodynamics can be defined as the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Distribution in pharmacology is a branch of pharmacokinetics which describes the reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body. Each organ or tissue can receive different doses of the drug and the drug can remain in the different organs or tissues for a varying amount of time.

Definition of a Pharmaceutical Chargeback. A wholesaler buys a drug from a manufacturer at a price called Wholesaler Acquisition Cost (WAC). A Group Purchasing Organization (GPO) enters into a contract with the manufacturer to buy that product at a lower contract price.

Chargebacks are a forced transaction reversal initiated by the cardholder’s bank. They are meant as a consumer protection mechanism, but are often overutilized. What Are Chargebacks? What Do They Mean for Your Business?

If the consumer files a chargeback and simply keeps the merchandise, the merchant loses that revenue and any future potential for profit. If monthly chargeback rates exceed a predetermined threshold, excessive fines (in the ballpark of $10,000) will be levied against the business.

Pharmacokinetics describes the drug concentration-time courses in body fluids resulting from administration of a certain drug dose, pharmacodynamics the observed effect resulting from a certain drug concentration. The rationale for PK/PD-modelling is to link pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to establish and evaluate