Animals also produce gametes for fusion. But the fusion of gametes may take place inside or outside the body. Based on this, fertilization is of two types – internal and external fertilization.

Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process called pollination. The flowers contain male sex organs called stamens and female sex organs called pistils.

Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms). This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm). The pollen tube proceeds to release the two sperm in the megagametophyte.

The first advantage of double fertilization in plants is that the plant does not invest energy in seed nutritive tissue until after an egg is fertilized. The second advantage is that the endosperm nucleus is very active and divides rapidly. it forms the nutritive tissue very quickly.

Basic requirements of fertilization: Fertilization requires a fluid medium in most animals. It may be seawater in marine forms, fresh water in fresh water forms and body fluid in viviparous animals. To increase the probability of fertilization, the number of sperms must exceed the number of eggs.

• 5 steps of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process.
• Step 1: Medication.
• Step 2: Harvest the eggs.
• Step 3: Fertilization.
• Step 4: Embryo culture.
• Step 5: Embryo transfer.

The Egg Travels to the Fallopian Tube It stays there for about 24 hours, waiting for a single sperm to fertilize it. All this happens, on average, about 2 weeks before your next period.

Other than a missed period, pregnancy symptoms tend to really kick in around week five or six of pregnancy; 60% of women experience some signs or symptoms of pregnancy as early as five or six weeks after the last menstrual period.

Egg cells, also known as Ova (singular = Ovum), are the female gamete which are produced in the ovary of a female. An oocyte, which is an immature female egg cell, matures completely during the menstrual cycle, becoming an ovum.

Ovum, plural ova, in human physiology, single cell released from either of the female reproductive organs, the ovaries, which is capable of developing into a new organism when fertilized (united) with a sperm cell.

Fallopian tubes

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube. Thus, human eggs are motile and not stationary. In Angiosperms, the eggs are formed in the ovary and they stay there until they are fertilized by the male nuclei.

It means the formation of egg takes place not only once but many times in a lifetime . In humans, once an egg has been released from ovary, the beating of cilia in the Fallopian tube moves the egg from the ovary to the uterus. So, the egg is considered as motile not stationary.

2. You are born with all your egg cells. Did you know that every woman is born with all her eggs already inside her ovaries? You can have as many as seven million eggs in your ovaries when you are born and these will be released every menstrual cycle throughout your fertile lifetime.

A female baby is born with all the eggs that she will ever have. This is estimated to be around two million, but by the time a girl reaches puberty, this number has decreased to about 400,000 eggs stored in her ovaries.

Supplemented females laid significantly heavier and more intensely blue-green eggs than control females. Egg blue-green chroma was significantly associated with the amount of biliverdin in eggshells. Egg color, and thus biliverdin content, is an expression of female condition at laying.

Instead, a woman “could use her own stem cells and an artificial Y chromosome to produce healthy new eggs and sperm at any age,” says Kira Cochrane at iol, creating a “pseudo-sperm” that would fertilize an egg to create an embryo.

There are also many people in same-sex relationships who want to celebrate the joys of being a parent. Sperm is a necessary part of conception, and you can’t get pregnant without it.

You can’t make a baby with two moms by simply fusing two eggs or adding one egg’s DNA to another’s. This is even though the resulting embryo would have the usual 46 chromosomes.

Because a donor egg won’t share any of its genes with its intended mother, there’s a chance the baby will not resemble its mother. However, if her partner’s sperm was used, the baby may look like its father because they share the same genetics.

It is possible for twins to have different fathers in a phenomenon called heteropaternal superfecundation, which occurs when two of a woman’s eggs are fertilized by sperm from two different men.

Superfecundation twins: When a woman has intercourse with two different men in a short period of time while ovulating, it’s possible for both men to impregnate her separately. In this case, two different sperm impregnate two different eggs.

You’re most likely to be fertile if your ejaculate — the semen discharged in a single ejaculation — contains at least 15 million sperm per milliliter. Too little sperm in an ejaculation might make it more difficult to get pregnant because there are fewer candidates available to fertilize the egg.

It can increase the production of testosterone, thereby increasing sperm count as well as sperm motility and quality.

• Foods that can Boost Sperm Count. There are a lot of foods that can boost sperm count and some of them are listed below:
• Eggs.
• Spinach.
• Bananas.
• Maca Roots.
• Asparagus.
• Dark Chocolate.
• Walnuts.

Five foods to avoid that may decrease sperm health and male fertility

• Processed meats. This is not surprising—recent studies link processed meats to all sorts of illnesses.
• Trans fats.
• Soy products.
• Pesticides and bisphenol a (BPA)
• High fat dairy products.
• Fish.
• Fruits and veggies.
• Walnuts.

Frequent ejaculation will not cause the body to run out. Although it takes the average sperm about 74 days to fully mature, the body makes millions of sperm each day. Men with healthy, normal sperm counts should not worry about the effects of regular ejaculation.

Watery semen can be a sign of low sperm count, indicating possible fertility problems. Ejaculating thin, clear semen may also be a temporary condition with no serious health concerns.

Signs of Potential Infertility in Men

1. Changes in hair growth.
2. Changes in sexual desire.
3. Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles.
4. Problems with erections and ejaculation.
5. Small, firm testicles.

Healthy semen is usually white or whitish gray in color. If your semen changes color, you may wonder if something is wrong with your health. Yellow semen may be nothing to worry about, but it may also be a sign of an underlying medical condition.

Home sperm tests require ejaculation into a collection cup. While procedures vary for transferring semen and completing the test, results are typically available within a few minutes. The tests work by detecting a protein found only in sperm.