Top 10 codes, keys and ciphers

Which of the following is the general format for describing factorial designs? the dependent variable is effectively manipulated in a factorial design. The correct answer is: the effect of one independent variable changes across levels of a second independent variable. You just studied 10 terms!

Which of the following is a reason why a researcher may design an experiment with more than two levels of an independent variable? A design with only two levels of an independent variable cannot provide much information about the exact form of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

• The Caesar shift. Named after Julius Caesar, who used it to encode his military messages, the Caesar shift is as simple as a cipher gets.
• Alberti’s disk.
• The Vigenère square.
• The Shugborough inscription.
• The Voynich manuscript.
• Hieroglyphs.
• The Enigma machine.
• Kryptos.

To decode a message, you do the process in reverse. Look at the first letter in the coded message. Find it in the bottom row of your code sheet, then find the letter it corresponds to in the top row of your code sheet and write it above the encoded letter. This can be confusing at first!

How to Read Encrypted Text Messages Through Textpad

1. Launch TextPad and open the encrypted message in the program.
2. Select the entire text of the message by pressing the “Ctrl-A” keys.
3. Open the appropriate encryption software.
4. Enter the passphrase or password that was originally used to encrypt the message.

All substitution ciphers can be cracked by using the following tips:

1. Scan through the cipher, looking for single-letter words.
2. Count how many times each symbol appears in the puzzle.
3. Pencil in your guesses over the ciphertext.
4. Look for apostrophes.
5. Look for repeating letter patterns.