Cloning raises many ethical controversies. One of the greatest concerns the production and destruction of a two-to-four-day-old embryo to make a line of embryonic stem cells. Another concern is assuring that women donating eggs for research give proper informed consent.

The cloning in human may produce certain psychological problems like psychological distress that affects the uniqueness and individuality of an organism. Moreover, it may cause certain issues in earlier or later twin’s growth.

They reason, rightly or wrongly, that these embryos are certain to be destroyed and that at least some good might result from using the cells. But therapeutic cloning remains totally unacceptable to such people because it involves the deliberate creation of what they deem to be a human being in order to destroy it.

Not only does the cloning process have a low success rate, the viable clone suffers increased risk of serious genetic malformation, cancer or shortened lifespan (Savulescu, 1999).

A press release from the Whitehead Institute said that the study proves that no matter how normal a cloned animal may look at birth, it will likely develop health problems later in life. “Thus, cloning for the purpose of producing another human being is completely unsafe and unethical,” the release said.

Abstract It is widely believed that reproductive human cloning is morally wrong and should be prohibited because it infringes on human uniqueness, individuality, freedom and personal identity.

However the process of cloning itself causes animal suffering and the animals with the highest economic value are prone to developing severe health problems – pushed to their physical limits, they are condemned to a lifetime of suffering.

Although in recent years our papers and magazines have been rife with images of Dolly, Copy Cat, and the like, the reality is that cloning mammals is still an extremely inefficient endeavor. It is thought that a failure in donor nucleus reprogramming may underlie the doomed fate of most cloned embryos.

Critics of pet cloning typically offer three objections: (1) the cloning process causes animals to suffer; (2) widely available pet cloning could have bad consequences for the overwhelming numbers of unwanted companion animals; and, (3) companies that offer pet cloning are deceiving and exploiting grieving pet owners.

On Dec. 27, 2002, the group announced that the first cloned baby — named Eve — had been born the day before. By 2004, Clonaid claimed to have successfully brought to life 14 human clones.

Myth: Offspring of clones are clones, and each generation gets weaker and weaker and has more and more problems. No, not at all. A clone produces offspring by sexual reproduction just like any other animal.

Some scientists believe clones would face health problems ranging from subtle but potentially lethal flaws to outright deformity. But let’s ignore all that–for the moment–and cut to the bottom line: How much would it cost to clone a person? According to our estimates: about $1.7 million.

Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer….Dolly (sheep)

Dolly was cloned from a cell taken from the mammary gland of a six-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell taken from a Scottish Blackface sheep. She was born to her Scottish Blackface surrogate mother on 5th July 1996. Learn more about cloning with our cloning FAQs.

At $50,000 a pet, there are unlikely to be huge numbers of cloned cats in the near future. In Britain, the idea is far from the minds of most scientists. “It’s a rather fatuous use of the technology,” said Dr Harry Griffin, director of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, which produced Dolly.

The famous “Dolly” is such a GMO. When Dolly reaches maturity, the promoter will be activated only in mammary tissue, and the gene of interest will be expressed and secreted into the milk, from which it can be recovered.

Cloning creates an exact copy of all or part of an organism’s DNA, while genetic modification makes changes to existing DNA to create a new, modified version of the genome.

Non-GMO – GMO stands for “genetically modified organism.” The definition of what it means to be genetically modified is hotly debated still, but when you see something labeled as non-GMO, it usually means that the genetic makeup of the plants and animals used in the product has not been altered for the purposes of food …

Not the usual sperm + egg Dolly was a perfectly normal sheep who became the mother of numerous normal lambs. She lived to six and a half years, when she was eventually put down after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike.

The cells had been taken from the udder of a six-year-old ewe and cultured in a lab using microscopic needles, in a method first used in human fertility treatments in the 1970s. After producing a number of normal eggs, scientists implanted them into surrogate ewes; 148 days later one of them gave birth to Dolly.

To give you an idea how hard this was, Dolly (initially identified as 6LL3) was the only lamb born alive from 277 attempts! It was reported that 29 embryos were successfully created, and subsequently implanted into 13 surrogate mothers, but Dolly was the only pregnancy that went to full term.

Dolly the Sheep

Dolly

CHEYENNE, Wyo. — Scientists have cloned the first U.S. endangered species, a black-footed ferret duplicated from the genes of an animal that died over 30 years ago. The slinky predator named Elizabeth Ann, born Dec.

Besides cattle and sheep, other mammals that have been cloned from somatic cells include: cat, deer, dog, horse, mule, ox, rabbit and rat. In addition, a rhesus monkey has been cloned by embryo splitting.

However, it is impossible to predict what will happen in science – before 1997 most scientists would have claimed that Dolly could never be created. Quite a few other species have been cloned since Dolly; from mice, rats and rabbits to dogs, cats, monkeys and wolves.

Cloning cattle is an agriculturally important technology and can be used to study mammalian development, but the success rate remains low, with typically fewer than 10 percent of the cloned animals surviving to birth.

If not, why not? Animals are being cloned for agricultural purposes in many countries including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United Kingdom.