The design variables considered for the three failure modes are the bonded length of nail, the number of nails, and the prestress. These three design variables are estimated from the optimization design procedure proposed in this study considering constrained conditions.

Soil nail disadvantages Soil nail walls may not be appropriate for applications where very strict deformation control is required for structures and utilities located behind the proposed wall, as the system requires some soil deformation to mobilize resistance.

What is Soil Nailing? Soil nailing is an economical technique used to stabilize existing slopes and to construct retaining walls from the top down. This soil reinforcement process uses steel tendons which are drilled and grouted into the soil to create a composite mass similar to a gravity wall.

Soil nailing uses grouted, tension-resisting steel elements (nails) to reinforce in situ soils and creating a gravity retaining wall for permanent or temporary excavation support.

Soil nail walls are not ideal in locations with highly plastic clay soils.

Unlike soil nailing that is pre-tensioned tendons, rock anchors are post-tensioned tendons that transfer tension from the unstable exterior to the underlying interior rock mass; hence, providing substantial reinforcement.

Soil nailing technique used to reinforce soil to make it more stable. Added to that, it is used for slopes, excavations, retaining walls etc. to make it more stable.

SOIL NAIL LAYOUTS Identify the following:  top and bottom of wall  nail locations  elevations of rows of nails  non-typical nail spacing  obstructions Soil Nail Basics 15 From: SOIL NAIL LAYOUTS Sometimes soil nails may need to be angled. The angle needs to be identified on the layout. 16 Soil Nail Basics

Soil nail wall construction is a technique used to bring soil stability in areas where landslides might be a problem. Soil nail can prevent landslides by inserting steel reinforcement bars into the soil and anchoring them to the soil strata. It is called Soil Nail because it’s like having a nail being hammered…

Steel tendons typically used for drill-and-grout soil nails usually consist of 0.8 to 2.0-inch bars with a yield strength in the range of 60 to 72 KSI. Drainage is a critical aspect of soil nail wall construction.

Temporary or Permanent Soil Nail Walls: A structure with a service life of 18 months or less qualifies as temporary. A structure with a service life longer than 18 months qualifies as permanent.