Families on the periodic table include, in addition to noble gases and halogens, the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. The nonmetals form a loosely defined cross-family grouping, as do the metalloids.

FAMILIES OF ELEMENTS: Related elements, including the noble gases, halogens, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. In addition, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids form loosely defined families.

Arsenic is found in the fourth period/row of the table of elements. It is a member of the phosphorus family with other elements including phosphorus (duh), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi).

Element families are elements that have the same number of valence electrons. Most element families are a single column of the periodic table, although the transition elements consist of several columns, plus the elements located below the main body of the table.

7.8 pH

Chlorine poisoning can be very serious and causes symptoms including:

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Coughing and wheezing.
• Burning sensation in eyes, nose and throat.
• Rash or burning skin.
• Shortness of breath.
• Dizziness.
• Watery eyes.

Chlorine bleach exposure was associated with impaired neurobehavioral functions and elevated POMS scores and symptom frequencies.

Decrease pool chlorine with natural sunlight Sunlight depletes chlorine level, although not as fast as chemical methods. On a cloudless sunny day, 90% of the chlorine level in a pool can be destroyed in about two hours.

Baking soda is Sodium Bicarbonate. It is used to raise Alkalinity in pool water. It will not lower chlorine.

These and many additional studies, including studies in volunteers exposed to controlled concentrations of chlorine, indicate that exposures to 1–3 ppm produce mild irritation of the nose that can be tolerated for about 1 hour; 5 ppm may produce eye irritation; headache and throat irritation may occur at concentrations …

between 1.0 and 3.0 parts per million